Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134605173
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 12P
Biologists have proposed that the use of antibiotics to treat human infectious disease has played a role in the evolution of widespread antibiotic resistance in several bacterial species, including Staphylococcus aureus and the bacteria causing gonorrhea, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases. Explain how the evolutionary mechanisms mutation and natural selection may have contributed to the development of antibiotic resistance.
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Students have asked these similar questions
1a) How do the events surrounding the Peppered Moth during the industrial era in Great Britain support the theory of natural selection?
1b) There exist several categories of evidence that lend credence to the interrelated nature of all organisms alive today. Describe two (2) pieces of evidence that support the theory of evolution (and the notion of a universal common ancestor).
1c) What is leading to the development of antibiotic-resistance bacteria? Why should we be concerned?
The spread of antibiotic resistance genes is an example of evolution. Explain how this is evolution using the framework of natural selection. Make sure you include what genes are evolving and what is the selective agent or selective pressure.
Explain why the answer is correct.
For eukaryote cells to evolve into new types of eukaryotic organisms, which of the following would one expect to occur? The correct answer is E
a) these cells have evolved because they have different DNA because of mutations
b) Their endoplasmic reticulum is synthesizing new and/or different proteins.
c) These specialized cells activate new genes to synthesize new proteins.
d) these organisms have new characteristics because they have acquired new genes.
e) all of these are true
Chapter 20 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 20 - 20.1 Compare and contrast the terms in each of the...Ch. 20 - In a population, what is the consequence of...Ch. 20 - 20.3 Identify and describe the evolutionary forces...Ch. 20 - Describe how natural selection can produce...Ch. 20 - Thinking creatively about evolutionary mechanisms,...Ch. 20 - 20.6 Genetic drift, an evolutionary process...Ch. 20 - Over the course of many generations in a small...Ch. 20 - Catastrophic events such as loss of habitat,...Ch. 20 - 20.9 George Udny Yule was wrong in suggesting that...Ch. 20 - 20.10 The ability to taste the bitter compound...
Ch. 20 - Figure 20.6 illustrates the effect of an ethanol ...Ch. 20 - 20.12 Biologists have proposed that the use of...Ch. 20 - 20.13 Two populations of deer, one of them large...Ch. 20 - 20.14 Directional selection presents an apparent...Ch. 20 - 20.15 What is inbreeding depression? Why is...Ch. 20 - 20.16 Certain animal species, such as the...Ch. 20 - Genetic Analysis 20.1 predicts the number of...Ch. 20 - 20.18 In a population of rabbits, and . The...Ch. 20 - Sickle cell disease (SCD) is found in numerous...Ch. 20 - 20.20 Epidemiologic data on the population in the...Ch. 20 - The frequency of tasters and nontasters of PTC...Ch. 20 - Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive...Ch. 20 - 20.23 Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common...Ch. 20 - 20.24 In the mouse, Mus musculus, survival in...Ch. 20 - 20.25 In a population of flowers growing in a...Ch. 20 - Assume that the flower population described in the...Ch. 20 - 20.27 ABO blood type is examined in a Taiwanese...Ch. 20 - 20.28 A total ofmembers of a Central American...Ch. 20 - 20.29 A sample offield mice contains individuals...Ch. 20 - Prob. 30PCh. 20 - Albinism, an autosomal recessive trait...Ch. 20 - 20.32 The frequency of an autosomal recessive...Ch. 20 - 20.33 Evaluate the following pedigree, and answer...Ch. 20 - Evaluate the following pedigree, and answer the...Ch. 20 - The following is a partial pedigree of the British...Ch. 20 - Draw a separate hypothetical pedigree identifying...Ch. 20 - Prob. 37PCh. 20 - 20.38 Achromatopsia is a rare autosomal recessive...Ch. 20 - 20.39 New allopolyploid plant species can arise by...
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- Based on what you know about the mechanisms through which the effective antibiotics work, describe ways in which a population of coli resistant to these drugs could evolve. How does this relate to the theory of evolution by natural selection?arrow_forwardBacteria are better than elephants for experimental studies of evolution because: A) Bacteria evolve, but elephants do not B) We know much less about elephants than we do about bacteria, so it is harder to design experiments to study their evolution. C) Bacteria have much shorter life cycles than elephants, so we can study their evolution over thousands of generations during the lifetime of a single dons during the meattle of usands single scientist. scentist D) Bacteria are much lower on the tree of life than are elephants OE) Elephants have much less genetic variation than bacteriaarrow_forwardHumans in the 21st century use their thumbs extensively to operate touchscreens on cellphones. Imagine a scenario, where the human population evolves to have more dexterous thumbs over the next 300 years. Which of the following is a Lamarckian explanation for this evolutionary change (and, therefore, would an incorrect evolutionary mechanism?) humans that develop more dexterity in their thumb over their lifetime due to frequent use of cellphones pass that ability to their children humans that were born with a mutation for more dexterous thumbs have more children thumb dexterity is a dominant traitarrow_forward
- In hospitals where many tuberculosis patients are treated, the population of tuberculosis mycobacteria may be composed of multiresistant (to antibiotics) strains. How does the synthetic theory of evolution explain this fact?arrow_forwardMany pathogenic bacteria have become resistent to antibiotics. a) Explain how Lamarck would explain this event. b) Explain how Darwin would explain this this event.arrow_forward2) If this model continues, with no major changes to the environment, what do you expect to happen? XA) Rabbits will continue to get lighter over time. There is no way to predict because mutations are random. B) edator 9) D) Mutations will all die out leaving only the original fur color. Dark gray fur will become the common phenotype because it favors survival.arrow_forward
- 10) Two processes that take place within a cell are shown here. Which of these statements correctly identify the processes and their outcomes? Select ALL that apply. A) Both processes increase genetic variation. B) Both processes can produce new phenotypes in an organism. C) Process II occurs randomly while process I is predictable. D) Process I is beneficial to the organism while process II is detrimental. E) Only process I can provide the basis for natural selection acting on phenotypes. Not Gradedarrow_forwardThe neutral theory of molecular evolution is now accepted as part of the theory of evolution by natural selection. a)True b)Falsearrow_forwardAll evolutionary changes that allow a species to change in response to the environment are originally a result of A) beneficial DNA mutations. Eliminate B) movement to new environments where survival is easier. C) cross-breeding with other species of closely related organisms. D) adaptations that organisms make to the environment during their lifetimes. Not Gradedarrow_forward
- Maria has a sore throat. Her father takes her to the doctor and she is given an antibiotic. After ten days, Maria is still sick. Use the model seen here and describe what has happened to Maria in terms of natural selection. A) The medicine causes some bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics. They survive and reproduce. B) Some of the bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic. They survive and reproduce, keeping Maria sick. C) After being subjected to the antibiotics, some bacteria change and they can survive the medicine. Maria remains sick. D) In a population of bacteria, variation exists. The bacteria that have increased resistance to medicine outcompete the non-resistant bacteria for food. Not Gradedarrow_forwardExplain the experiment of prebiotic evolution done by Harold Urey and Stanley Miller.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about adaptation? a) It occurs through the inheritance of acquired characteristics b) It always results in the evolution of new traits c) It is a result of chance mutations d) It is the result of natural selection acting on heritable variationarrow_forward
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