Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
All the resonance structures of the given specie are to be drawn, with curved arrows indicating which electrons are shifted. The resonance hybrid of the specie is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Resonance structures are alternate valid Lewis structures in which pi electrons and/or lone pair electrons are distributed in different positions. Resonance structures must follow the usual rules of Lewis structures. The connectivity of the atoms must remain the same.
The resonance hybrid is a weighted average of all resonance structures.
(b)
Interpretation:
All the resonance structures of the given specie are to be drawn, with curved arrows indicating which electrons are shifted. The resonance hybrid of the specie is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Resonance structures are alternate valid Lewis structures in which pi electrons and/or lone pair electrons are distributed in different positions. Resonance structures must follow the usual rules of Lewis structures. The connectivity of the atoms must remain the same.
The resonance hybrid is a weighted average of all resonance structures.
(c)
Interpretation:
All the resonance structures of the given specie are to be drawn, with curved arrows indicating which electrons are shifted. The resonance hybrid of the specie is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Resonance structures are alternate valid Lewis structures in which pi electrons and/or lone pair electrons are distributed in different positions. Resonance structures must follow the usual rules of Lewis structures. The connectivity of the atoms must remain the same.
The resonance hybrid is a weighted average of all resonance structures.
(d)
Interpretation:
All the resonance structures of each of the given specie are to be drawn, with curved arrows indicating which electrons are shifted. The resonance hybrid of the specie is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Resonance structures are alternate valid Lewis structures in which pi electrons and/or lone pair electrons are distributed in different positions. Resonance structures must follow the usual rules of Lewis structures. The connectivity of the atoms must remain the same.
The resonance hybrid is a weighted average of all resonance structures.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
- QUESTION 4. (a) Below are two structural isomers. Interestingly, one of these structures is significantly more acidic than the other. Circle the most acidic proton in each. Determine which structure is more acidic and explain why. Use your knowledge of resonance structures and molecular geometry to support your argument. NO₂ NO₂ OH OHarrow_forwardThe curved arrow notation introduced in Section 1.6B is a powerful method used by organic chemists to show the movement of electrons not only in resonance structures, but also in chemical reactions.Because each curved arrow shows the movement of two electrons, following the curved arrows illustrates what bonds are broken and formed in a reaction. Consider the following three-step process. (a) Add curved arrows in Step [1] to show the movement of electrons. (b) Use the curved arrows drawn in Step [2] to identify the structure of X. X is converted in Step [3] to phenol and HCl.arrow_forwardDraw all reasonable resonance structures for the following compounds. Be sure to show the proper arrows to indicate electron movementarrow_forward
- Assignment 3.16 Which of these molecules are polar? Show the direction of the molecular dipole by using an arrow with a crossed tail. (a) H2S (b) HCN (c) C2H6arrow_forwardCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Follow the curved arrows and draw the resonance hybrid contributor. Include all lone pairs and charges as appropriate. Drawing Ⓒarrow_forwardDraw resonance structures for the following compound:Add curved arrow(s) to show resonance using one of the five patterns, and modify the second structure given to draw the new resonance structure. Include relevant formal charges in your structure. Use the + and - tools to add/remove charges to an atom, and use the single bond tool to add/remove double bonds.arrow_forward
- Please draw a more stable resonance structure for the following molecule. Use a curved arrow to show how to transform the original structure to the new one and please specify charges.arrow_forwardThe curved arrow notation introduced in Section 1.6B is a powerfulmethod used by organic chemists to show the movement of electronsnot only in resonance structures, but also in chemical reactions.Because each curved arrow shows the movement of two electrons,following the curved arrows illustrates what bonds are broken andformed in a reaction. Consider the following three-step process. (a) Addcurved arrows in Step [1] to show the movement of electrons. (b) Use thecurved arrows drawn in Step [2] to identify the structure of X. X isconverted in Step [3] to phenol and HCl.arrow_forwardDraw a reasonable resonance structure for the following species. Draw out all bonds to the oxygen atom in your answer.arrow_forward
- Consider the molecule below. (1) (2) What is the geometry or shape at atom (1)? What is the geometry or shape at atom (2)?arrow_forwardIdentify all functional groups that are present in strychnine, a highly toxic alkaloid used as a pesticide to kill rodents, whose line structure is shown here. What compound class is characteristic of each of those functional groups? Strychninearrow_forwardIn the following Lewis structure of [BrO3]", every atom, bond and lone pair is positioned. To complete the structure, drag the formal charge tags to the appropriate atom(s). Each marker may be used more than once, or not at all. If an atom has a formal charge of zero, do not drag a tag to it. When you drag the marker in, place the little crosshairs in the upper left corner of the marker directly over the atom(s) in question (not above them). Ö: Br: 2+ 2-arrow_forward
Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning