Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The number of protons and electrons in the anion of the carbon atom having net charge
Concept introduction:
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called its
(b)
Interpretation:
The number of protons and electrons in a cation of the oxygen atom having net charge
Concept introduction:
The total number of protons in the atom’s nucleus is its atomic number. In a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is equal. Ions are formed by the loss or gain of electrons from the neutral atom. If an atom gains one or more electrons, the ion formed is called an anion. The charge on the anion is equal to the number of electrons gained. If an atom loses one or more electrons, the ion formed is called a cation. The charge on the cation is equal to the number of electrons lost.
(c)
Interpretation:
The number of protons and electrons in the anion of an oxygen atom having net charge -1 is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The total number of protons in the atom’s nucleus is its atomic number. In a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is equal. Ions are formed by the loss or gain of electrons from the neutral atom. If an atom gains one or more electrons, the ion formed is called an anion. The charge on the anion is equal to the number of electrons gained. If an atom loses one or more electrons, the ion formed is called a cation. The charge on the cation is equal to the number of electrons lost.
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Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
- An oxygen atom has eight protons. (a) In the following diagram, sketch in the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of the oxygen atom. (b) How many more electrons will it take to fill the outermost electron shell?arrow_forwardGive the ground-state electron configuration of the following elements. (a) Lithium (b) Sodiumarrow_forwardRubidium and bromine atoms are depicted at right. (a) What monatomic ions do they form? (b) What electronic feature characterizes this pair of ions, and which noble gas are they related to? (c) Which pair best represents the relative ionic sizes?arrow_forward
- Illustrate the sharing of electrons of each covalent compound using the Bohr Model. Apply the octet rule if possible. (A) A molecule composed of two chlorine atoms. (b) A molecule composed of a hydrogen atom and a bromine atom. (c) A molecule composed of 2 hydrogen atoms. (d) A molecule composed of a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom.arrow_forwardProvide the symbol of the following monatomic ions, given the number of protons and electrons in each. (a) 8 protons, 10 electrons (b) 20 protons, 18 electrons (c) 53 protons, 54 electrons (d) 26 protons, 24 electronsarrow_forward1. Using the various group classifications from the periodic table, assign all appropriate labels to each of the following elements. Each element will have multiple (2 or more) answers. (a) Silver (b) Tennessine (c) Samarium (d) Antimony 2. Calculate the numbers of each type of nucleon and the number of electrons in each of the following species. (a) neodymium-149 (b) tantalum-179 (c) sellenium-79 dianion (d) krypton-85 trication 3. Write the ground-state electron configuration for the following atoms or ions. Use core notation in your electron configurations at your own discretion. (a) As (b) Au (c) Ce (d) Zn2− (e) Po4+ 4. Write an appropriate set of four quantum numbers (n, l, ms & ms) that could be representative of a valence electron in each of the following atoms or ions. (a) Bi (b) Sr (c) Mo (d) Ru2+ (e) Eu 5. In theory, there are an infinite number of energy levels and atomic orbital types that we can define using the solutions to the Schrödinger…arrow_forward
- 2-44 Which period(s) in the Periodic Table contain(s) more nonmetals than metals? Which contain(s) more metals than nonmetals?arrow_forward(a) Group 1A positive + The elements in group 1A configuration. an electron (obtain a charge) in order to achieve a noble gas ...arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the hydrogen atom is FALSE. (A) The hydrogen atom is neutral. (B)The hydrogen atom has a uniform distribution of charge. (C)The hydrogen atom is not polar. (D)The hydrogen atom is spherically symmetric.arrow_forward
- 3-58 In Section 2-3B, we saw that there are seven diatomic elements. (a) Draw Lewis structures for each of these diatomic elements. (b) Which diatomic elements are gases at room temperature? Which are liquids? Which are solids?arrow_forwardFig 12.1 represents a neutral lithium atom. All the particles in the atom are shown on the diagram. (a) Use Fig. 12.1 to help you answer the following questions. (1) How many electrons does this atom have? (ii) What is the value of the proton number of this atom? (ii) How many neutrons does the atom have? (iv) What is the value of the nucleon number of this atom? (b) Write the appropriate numbers in the boxes below, to represent this atom of Lithium in nuclide notation. Li orbit nucleus Fig. 12.1 (c) Lithium-6 is another isotope of lithium. It has 6nucleons. (i) What is an isotope? (ii) How many protons does Lithium-6 have? (ii) How many neutrons does Lithium-6 havearrow_forward(B) 0.832 mL (C) 1.20 mL (D) 8.59 mL 2. Consider the Bohr Model of Phosphorus below. Which statement is FALSE? (A) The electrostatic potential energy of ALL electrons is negative. (B) The electrons with the least potential energy are closest to the nucleus. (C) Energy is released when the electron is ejected from the atom. (D) When an electron is infinitely far from the nucleus, the electrostatic potential energy is 0.arrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning