Decide whether each molecule in the table below could be found embedded in the outer surface of a cell membrane. For each molecule that could, decide whether the outside of the cell would lie to the right or left of the molecule as drawn. Note for advanced students: none of these molecules are actually found in cell membranes. Your goal is to use the principles of biochemistry to decide whether they could be, if for example they were synthesized and studied as drug candidates. HO d OH OH molecule OH "NH₂ CH3 CH3 Could be in a membrane? O yes @no O yes O no yes no Ⓒyes Ono Membrane would be to the..? + left + left + left + left right → right → right → right → X S P do Ar V
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- Cell membranes consists mainly of ________ and ________ . a. lipids; carbohydrates c. lipids; phospholipids b. phospholipids; protein d. phospholipids; ECMWhich plasma membrane component can be either found on its surface or embedded in the membrane structure? a. protein b. cholesterol c. carbohydrate d. phospholipidUsing the space below, draw a model (picture, representation) of a cross-section of a cell membrane, including and labeling the following elements: a. Phospholipid bilayer, noting hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails b. Cholesterol c. Integral membrane proteins (include 1 glycoprotein and label the carbohydrate) d. Peripheral membrane proteins Describe how integral membrane proteins and peripheral membrane proteins are different in your own words, and include in your description what type of amino acids you might find on these proteins.
- What I Can Do Cells are highly organized structures with parts that perform specific functions. Starting from the cell membrane with its incomparable abilities not only to provide shape and flexibility to the cell but also to determine the nature of its interaction with its environment. For you to recognize these functions, make an illustration (with a title) that shows a place which resembles a cell membrane. Also, write the things that you think they are similar. Your product will be assessed based on the following criteria: organization and content accuracy, appropriateness of elements, creativity, and appearance. The actual rubric to be used in assessing your product will be found on page 21. Assessment Let's see how well you have enjoyed the amazing world of çell cycle and mitosis byTo get an idea of the different sizes of various cellular components, do the following calculations: Assume that the cell, its nucleus, and a globular protein – for example, and enzyme – are spherical. In addition, assume the diameter of the protein is 5 nm (nanometers), the diameter of the cell is 100 μm (micrometers), and the diameter of the nucleus is 40 μm. You may have to review your metric conversions! If you draw the globular protein as a sphere with a diameter of 2 cm (approximately the diameter of a U.S. penny), what size would each of the following measurements of the cell be if drawn to the same scale (5 nm real length = 2 cm)? a. The radius of a microtubule, 15 nm b. The diameter of the nucleus c. The diameter of the cell d. The volume (V = 4/3 ∏r3) of the globular protein, in decimal form to the hundredths place. e. The volume of the nucleus f. The volume of the cellWhich of the following statements are correct about how the complex biological matrix of the cell may affect protein folding, stability and function (select all that appy)? A. ATP tends to "bounce" along the surfaces of many proteins without forming a stable complex B. Proteins make up approximately 30% of the total volume of the cytoplasm in a typical cell C. Compettition between drug molecules and metabolites in the cytoplasm may cause unexpected drug side effects not seen with individual proteins in solution. D. Large protein complexes move faster through the cytoplasm than small metabolites. E. Complex intercations between proteins in the cell may significantly destabilize a protein compared to the isolated protein in water
- Ms. Sassa, a biology professor, wanted to demonstrate to her students the applicability of a dialyzing membrane (DM) as a model for the cell membrane by enclosing an aqueous solution in a DM bag and immersing in a beaker containing a different solution. Substances available which are permeable to the DM include 0.02 M NaCl, 0.03 M glucose, and 0.01 M glucose. The only substance available which is completely impermeable to the DM is the 0.01 M lactose. Using the substances given and materials such as a beaker, stirring rod, and string, draw ONLY ONE set-up that can be demonstrated by Ms. Sassa that will satisfy ALL of the following conditions: a. No solute will exhibit a net diffusion out of the cell. b. Glucose will exhibit a net diffusion into the cell. c. NaCl will exhibit a zero net movement. d. No net movement of lactose from the inside to outside of the cell. Make sure to label properly the substance inside the beaker and inside the DM bag.Given the following compositional assessment of a cell membrane, describe from ER to cell membrane how this composition was synthesized and why it is asymmetric? Cytoplasmic face Non-cytoplasmic face PI 25 8 PC 6 22 SM 4 23Answer the following question based on the structure of the molecule below. NH HO-P-o он он NH2 OH OH ÓH OH Molecule X is a analog of which is likely water and would permeate the plasma membrane. OA, nonhydrolyzeable; GTP; insoluble; readily B. nonhydrolyzeable; ATP; insoluble; readily c. nonhydrolyzeable; ATP; soluble; readily D. nonhydrolyzeable; GTP; soluble; not E. nonhydrolyzeable; GTP; soluble; readily
- Name the three major assumptions made by the "Cell theory". (i) The lipid membrane is composed of lipid molecules. Explain the principle of membrane formation highlighting the role of the physical properties of the lipids. (ii) Comparing dimensions and length scales is often a first step in an analysis. Give an approximate value for the thickness of a lipid bilayer and the linear length of a helical turn of a DNA double helix. A technician wants to amplify DNA from a patient sample. However, the lab is not equipped with a thermocycler. (i) (ii) Name two methods for DNA amplification that can be operated at constant temperature and give their acronyms. Explain these two methods in detail using a schematic and name all necessary components that are required to perform the amplification. Describe the main function of the middle ear. Highlight the role of the ossicles and the tympanic membrane.The study of protein synthesis often uses a cell-free system where cells are ground with an abrasive to release the cell contents and then filtered to remove the abrasive. These mate- rials are added to the system, generating the indicated results: Materials Added Results Radioactive amino acids Radioactive protein produced Radioactive amino acids No radioactive protein produced and RNase (an RNA- digesting enzyme) What is the best interpretation of these observations?Below is the skeletal formula of a molecule typically found in cell membranes. What type of molecule is this and how can you tell? What are the functions of this type of molecule in the plasma membrane of a cell? CH3 CH₂) (CH₂) 16 CH3 Ko