Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 8QP
Crossing Pea Plants: Mendel’s Study of Single Traits
An unspecified characteristic controlled by a single gene is examined in pea plants. Only two phenotypic states exist for this trait. One phenotypic state is completely dominant to the other. A heterozygous plant is self-crossed. What proportion of the progeny of plants exhibiting the dominant
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Variations in Gene Expression
In a cross involving polygenic inheritance, three (3) gene pairs control plant height. The shortest and tallest plants are 12 cm and 24 cm, respectively. What height should all F1s display if the shortest and tallest plants were crossed, assuming environmental factors are the same. COMPLETE SOLUTION.
Tallness (T) in a certain plant is dominant to short (t), while red (R) flower color is dominant to yellow (r). The heterozygous condition results in orange (Rr) flower color. A short plant with red flowers, is crossed with a plant homozygous for tallness and yellow flowers. What would be the genotype and phenotype of the F1 individuals?
ttRr—short and orange
ttrr—short and yellow
TtRr—tall and red
Ttrr—tall and yellow
TtRr—tall and orange
Pea PlantsIn pea plants, a round-seed shape (R) is dominant over a wrinkled-seed shape (r). A round-seeded pea plant was crossed with another round-seeded pea plant. What are the genotype(s) and phenotype(s) ratios of the F1 generation?
Show all possibilities using Punnett squares. State the F1 generation genotypes and phenotypes.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3.4 - Why do scientists design experiments to disprove...Ch. 3.4 - Should Ockhams razor be considered an irrefutable...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 1EGCh. 3.7 - For most cases, a p value of 0.05 is used to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 3 - Prob. 2CSCh. 3 - Prob. 3CSCh. 3 - Prob. 1QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...
Ch. 3 - Prob. 4QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14QPCh. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 17QPCh. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Prob. 26QPCh. 3 - Prob. 27QPCh. 3 - Variations on a Theme by Mendel A characteristic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29QPCh. 3 - Variations on a Theme by Mendel Pea plants usually...Ch. 3 - Prob. 31QPCh. 3 - Prob. 32QPCh. 3 - Prob. 33QPCh. 3 - Prob. 34QPCh. 3 - Prob. 35QPCh. 3 - Prob. 36QP
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- Sunflowers with flowers 10 cm in diameter are crossed with a plant that has 20-cm flowers. The F1 plants have flowers 15 cm in diameter. In the F2 generation, 4 flowers are 10 cm in diameter and 4 are 20 cm in diameter. Between these are 5 phenotypic classes with diameters intermediate to those at the extremes. a. Assuming that the alleles that contribute to flower diameter act additively, how many genes control flower size in this strain of sunflowers? b. How much does each additive allele contribute to flower diameter? c. What size flower makes up the largest phenotypic class?arrow_forwardWhite fruit color in summer squash is dependent on a dominant gene (W) and colored fruit to the recessive gene (w). In the presence of ww a dominant gene produces yellow color, but when D is not present, the color is green. Give the F2 phenotypes and the proportions expected from crossing (show the diagram) a white-fruited (WWDD) with a green-fruited (wwdd) plant.arrow_forwardIn a cross involving polygenic inheritance, three (3) gene pairs control plant height. The shortest andtallest plants are 12 cm and 24 cm, respectively. What height should all F1s display if the shortest andtallest plants were crossed, assuming environmental factors are the same?arrow_forward
- Perform two consecutive crosses similar to those of Mendel for the following individual plants. Plants with round seeds (RR) are crossing with plants with wrinkled seeds (rr). After the first cross, cross the offspring together to generate F2 offspring. What are the genotypic and phenotypic ration of F2?arrow_forwardIn Japanese four o'clock plants red (R) color is incompletely dominant over white (r) flowers, and the heterogynous condition (Rr) results in plants with pink flowers. Construct a punnett square and give phenotypic and genotype ratios of the offspring for the following cross a red plant and a white plantarrow_forwardGregor Mendel examined the inheritance of two traits in pea plants: seed coat texture and colour. Seed coat texture can be represented as S-smooth and s-wrinkled, and seed coat colour can be represented as Y-yellow and y-green. SSYY plants were crossed with ssyy plants to yield F1 pea seeds that were all smooth and all yellow. By crossing plants grown from these F1 seeds, Mendel obtained four different phenotypes of F2 seeds: • smooth and green seeds wrinkled and green seeds smooth and yellow seeds wrinkled and yellow seeds ● Use the following information to answer the next question. ● The F2 phenotypic ratio that Mendel obtained upon crossing two heterozygous smooth and yellow F1 individuals would have been: smooth and green wrinkled and green : smooth and yellow: wrinkled and yellow Record only the numeric values associated with the phenotypes. (Do not include the colons, spaces, commas, etc.)arrow_forward
- Introduction: A dihybrid cross is a cross between individuals that involves two pairs of contrasting traits. To Predict the results of a dihybrid, cross all possible combinations of the four alleles from each parent must be considered. You will examine a dihybrid cross involving both color and texture. Purple (P), is dominate to yellow (p), and smooth texture (S) is dominant to wrinkled (s). Both parent plants are heterozygous for both traits. Review genetics and the use of Punnett squares in a biology text before doing this experiment.MATERIALS: Assume you have ear of Corn. You need a heterozygous X heterozygous 9:3:3:1, purple/yellow, starchy/sweet. PROCEDURE: From above please write out: The crop The parental (P) cross phenotype, genotype, gametes Cross between two F1 Selfed testcross 1. First let us use a Punnett square to examine the theoretical outcome of the Heterozygous X Heterozygous dihybrid cross. USE a Punnett square. REMEMBER: a phenotype is how the offspring will…arrow_forwardConsider the following cross examining four gene in two parental line: Parent 1: A/a; B/B; D/d; E/e Parent 2: A/a; B/b; d/d; e/e Assuming independent assortment for the four genes, what fraction of progeny will be phenotypically identical to either parent 1 or parent 2? (Hint: first figure out the fraction of progeny that resembles parent 1 and parent 2 separately, then get the overall fraction.) 9/16 1/16 3/4 3/8 3/16arrow_forwardIn sesame plants the one-pod condition is dominant (P) to the three-pod condition (p), and a normal leaf (L) is dominant to the wrinkled leaf (l). Pod type and leaf type are inherited independently. Determine the genotypes for the parent producing offspring: 318 one-pod, normal leaf and 98 one-pod, wrinkled leaf PPLl x PPLl, PPLl x PpLl, or PPLl x ppLl ppll x ppLl PPLL x PPLL ppll x ppllarrow_forward
- Do a punnet square to find the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the F1 generation when a plant that is homozygous recessive for pod color and heterozygous for pea shape is crossed with a plant that is heterozygous for pod color and homozygous dominant for pea shape. Dominant for pod color = G (green) Recessive for pod color = g (yellow) Dominant for pea shape = R (round) Recessive for pea shape = r (wrinkled) P1: GG X Rr Gg X RRarrow_forwardSeed color is controlled by 3 independently assorting bi-allelic genes (P, Q, R), such that homozygote pp exhibits recessive epistasis over the seed color pathway, converting a white pigment into yellow, which then becomes orange in the presence of a Q allele, or red in the presence of R. Individuals with both Q and R alleles show pink seeds. In a cross of PpQqRr individuals with ppqqrr individuals, what is the ratio of white-seeds to red seeds? а. 1:4 b. 2:3 с. 1:1 d. 4:1 e. 1:5arrow_forwardAssume that smooth seed coats are dominant over rough seed coat. If two pea plants that are both Heterozygous for seed coats are crossed, what do you expect in the offspring (the f1 generation)? Specifically, what genotypes, what phenotypes, and in what ratios? (Use S for the smooth seed coat and s for the rough seed coat.) (Again, it is helpful to write out all the possible genotypes and give the phenotype for each genotype before answering the specific question.) Be careful in writing capital S and lower case.arrow_forward
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