Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 19QP
More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of Independent Assortment
Think about this one carefully. Albinism and hair color are governed by different genes. A recessively inherited form of albinism causes affected individuals to lack pigment in their skin, hair, and eyes. In hair color, red hair is inherited as a recessive trait and brown hair is inherited as a dominant trait relative to red hair. An albino woman whose parents both have red hair has two children with a man who is normally pigmented and has brown hair. The brown-haired partner has one parent who has red hair. The first child is normally pigmented and has brown hair. The second child is albino.
- a. What is the hair color (
phenotype ) of the albino parent? - b. What is the genotype of the albino parent for hair color?
- c. What is the genotype of the brown-haired parent with respect to hair color? Skin pigmentation?
- d. What is the genotype of the first child with respect to hair color and skin pigmentation?
- e. What are the possible genotypes of the second child for hair color? What is the phenotype of the second child for hair color? Can you explain this?
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Introduction:
A dihybrid cross is a cross between individuals that involves two pairs of contrasting traits. To Predict the results of a dihybrid, cross all possible combinations of the four alleles from each parent must be considered.
You will examine a dihybrid cross involving both color and texture. Purple (P), is dominate to yellow (p), and smooth texture (S) is dominant to wrinkled (s). Both parent plants are heterozygous for both traits.
Review genetics and the use of Punnett squares in a biology text before doing this experiment.MATERIALS:
Assume you have ear of Corn.
You need a heterozygous X heterozygous 9:3:3:1, purple/yellow, starchy/sweet.
PROCEDURE:
From above please write out:
The crop
The parental (P) cross phenotype, genotype, gametes
Cross between two F1
Selfed
testcross
1. First let us use a Punnett square to examine the theoretical outcome of the Heterozygous X Heterozygous dihybrid cross.
USE a Punnett square. REMEMBER: a phenotype is how the offspring will…
A-
In pea plants, “Tall” is dominant to “Short” and red flower color is dominant to white. Cross a homozygous red, tall plant with a homozygous white, short plant. Give the genotype and phenotypes for F1 and F2 generations.
B-
In rabbits, black is due to a dominant gene, brown color is recessive. Short hair is dominant and long hair is recessive. Cross a homozygous black, short-haired rabbit with a homozygous brown, long-haired rabbit. Give the genotype and phenotype for F1 and F2 generations.
Normal pigmentation dominates no pigmentation (albino). For an organism to exhibit color, it must have an allele for normal pigment production as well as alleles for a specific color. In cattle, red color dominates black color. An albino bull that has a heterozygous genotype for red is crossed with a red cow. The cow is heterozygous for normal pigment production and for red coloring. What types of offspring will they produce, and what is the probability of producing these types of offspring? Show your work.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3.4 - Why do scientists design experiments to disprove...Ch. 3.4 - Should Ockhams razor be considered an irrefutable...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 1EGCh. 3.7 - For most cases, a p value of 0.05 is used to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 3 - Prob. 2CSCh. 3 - Prob. 3CSCh. 3 - Prob. 1QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...
Ch. 3 - Prob. 4QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14QPCh. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 17QPCh. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Prob. 26QPCh. 3 - Prob. 27QPCh. 3 - Variations on a Theme by Mendel A characteristic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29QPCh. 3 - Variations on a Theme by Mendel Pea plants usually...Ch. 3 - Prob. 31QPCh. 3 - Prob. 32QPCh. 3 - Prob. 33QPCh. 3 - Prob. 34QPCh. 3 - Prob. 35QPCh. 3 - Prob. 36QP
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- . In pea plants, seed shape and seed color are controlled by genes located on different chromosomes. Seeds may be round (R) or wrinkled (r), with the allele for round seeds being dominant. Alleles for seed color are yellow and green, with the green allele (y) recessive to the yellow (Y) allele. If you cross an individual that is homozygous round and yellow with an individual that is homozygous for wrinkled and green, what is the genotype of the F1 individuals?arrow_forwardMore Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of Independent Assortment Two traits are examined simultaneously in a cross of two pure-breeding pea-plant varieties. Pod shape can be either swollen or pinched. Pea color can be either green or yellow. A plant with the traits swollen and green is crossed with a plant with the traits pinched and yellow, and a resulting F1 plant is self-crossed. A total of 640 F2 progeny are phenotypically categorized as follows: 360 swollen yellow 120 swollen green 120 pinched yellow 40 pinched green a. What is the phenotypic ratio observed for pod shape? Pea color? b. What is the phenotypic ratio observed for both traits considered together? c. What is the dominance relationship for pod shape? Pea color? d. Deduce the genotypes of the P1 and F1 generations.arrow_forwardMore Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of Independent Assortment Determine the possible genotypes of the following parents by analyzing the phenotypes of their children. In this case, we will assume that brown eyes (B) is dominant to blue (b) and that right-handedness (R) is dominant to left-handedness (r). a. Parents: brown eyes, right-handed brown eyes, right-handed Offspring: 3/4 brown eyes, right-handed 1/4 blue eyes, right-handed b. Parents: brown eyes, right-handed blue eyes, right-handed Offspring: 6/16 blue eyes, right-handed 2/16 blue eyes, left-handed 6/16 brown eyes, right-handed 2/16 brown eyes, left-handed c. Parents: brown eyes, right-handed blue eyes, left-handed Offspring: 1/4 brown eyes, right-handed 1/4 brown eyes, left-handed 1/4 blue eyes, right-handed 1/4 blue eyes, left-handedarrow_forward
- More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of Independent Assortment Consider the following cross in pea plants, in which smooth pea shape is dominant to wrinkled, and yellow pea color is dominant to green. A plant with smooth yellow peas is crossed to a plant with wrinkled green peas. The offspring produced peas that were all smooth and yellow. What are the genotypes of the parents? What are the genotypes of the offspring?arrow_forwardMore Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of Independent Assortment Consider the following cross: P1: AABBCCDDEE aabbccddee F1: AaBbCcDdEe (self-cross to get F2) What is the chance of getting an AaBBccDdee individual in the F2 generation?arrow_forwardCrossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single Traits Stem length in pea plants is controlled by a single gene. Consider the cross of a true-breeding long-stemmed variety to a true-breeding short-stemmed variety in which long stems are completely dominant. a. If 120 F1 plants are examined, how many plants are expected to be long stemmed? Short stemmed? b. Assign genotypes to both P1 varieties and to all phenotypes listed in (a). c. A long-stemmed F1 plant is self-crossed. Of 300 F2 plants, how many should be long stemmed? Short stemmed? d. For the F2 plants mentioned in (c), what is the expected genotypic ratio?arrow_forward
- More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of Independent Assortment Given the following matings, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios of the offspring? a. AABb Aabb b. AaBb aabb c. AaBb AaBbarrow_forwardn pea plants, the appearance of flowers along the main stem is a dominant phenotype called axial and is controlled by the T allele. The recessive phenotype, produced by the E t allele, has flowers only at the end of the stem and is called terminal. Seedpod form iS determined by a second gene. The dominant phenotype inflated is controlled by allele C, and a recessive constricted form, produced by allele c. A pure breeding axial, constricted plant is crossed to one that is pure-breeding terminal, inflated. A. The F1 progeny of this cross are allowed to self-fertilize. What is the expected distribution of phenotypic classes among the F2 progeny? -> TTcc t난 CC x Et 1:2:1arrow_forwardWhat is Mendel’s law of segregation? Allele pairs separate during the formation of gametes, and pair back up upon fertilisation. During meiosis, the alleles of two or more genes separate into the gametes independent of each other. During meiosis. genetic material segregates equally into the resulting gametes. The separation of alleles into different gametes results in genetically distinct offspring. During meiosis, genes that are in close proximity on the genome are more likely to cross over together.arrow_forward
- Short is recessive to tall. Green pods are dominant to yellow as inflated pods are dominant to constricted pods. A pure-bred tall plant with green and inflated pods is crossed with a plant that is heterozygous for all of the traits. Calculate the probability of getting a plant seedling that is recessive for all of the traits. What is the probability of getting a tall plant with green and inflated pods?arrow_forwardFor the following crosses in model organisms that produce a lot of progeny per cross: (Read each statement carefully. Select all of the statements below that are true (that you agree with). Leave any statements that are false (that you do not agree with) un- selected.) a two-factor cross of parents that are dominant for both characteristics should result in all progeny being dominant-traited for both characteristics. a one-factor cross of two homozygous parents is expected to have the same phenotypic and genotypiC ratios. a three-factor cross of AaBbDd x aabbdd should result in a 1:1 three-factor phenotypic ratioarrow_forwardRead carefully. Round pea seed shape is dominant over a wrinkled pea seed shape. From a monohybrid cross of heterozygous round peas, what is the probability that a pea pod containing exactly three peas will have a wrinkled pea in the middle position? Take all possibilities into account. 1/4 3/64 9/64 27/64arrow_forward
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