Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 24QP
Meiosis Explains Mendel’s Results: Genes Are on Chromosomes
The following diagram shows a hypothetical diploid cell. The recessive allele for albinism is represented by a, and d represents the recessive allele for deafness. The normal alleles for these conditions are represented by A and D, respectively.
- a. According to the principle of segregation, what is segregating in this cell?
- b. According to Mendel’s principle of independent assortment, what is independently assorting in this cell?
- c. How many chromatids are in this cell?
- d. Write the genotype of the individual from whom this cell was taken.
- e. What is the
phenotype of this individual? - f. What stage of cell division is represented by this cell (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, or telophase of meiosis I, meiosis II, or mitosis)?
- g. After meiosis is complete, how many chromatids and chromosomes will be present in one of the four progeny cells?
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Part 3: Use homologous chromosomes marked with alleles “A” and “a” and a second pair of homologs marked with alleles “B” and “b”. to demonstrate Mendel’s Principle of Independent Assortment in cells in Meiosis. Indicate what phase this happens in meiosis.
Part 4: Use AaBb x AaBb and two Punnett squares to demonstrate Mendel’s Principle of Independent Assortment. Write the expected phenotypic ratios under each Punnett square. Now, multiply the probabilities of each event to get combined probabilities for BOTH genes. i.e. the chance of being homozygous recessive for both genes is 1/4 x 1/4 =1/16.
The following diagram shows a hypothetical diploid cell. The recessive allele
for albinism is represented by a, and d represents the recessive allele for
deafness. The normal alleles for these conditions are represented by A and
D, respectively. Please use the symbols A, a, D and d as appropriate to help
me understand your answer.
a а
D
1. According to Mendel's principal of segregation, what is segregating in this
cell?
2. According to Mendel's principle of independent assortment, what is
independently assorting in this cell?
3. What is the phenotype of this individual?
© Cengage Learning
Mendel's second law of independent assortment has its basis in which of the following events of meiosis !?
Select one:
OO
O
a. Synapsis of homologous chromosomes
b. Separation of homologues at anaphase
c. Separation of cells at telophase
d. Alignment of tetrads at the equator
e. Crossing over
Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3.4 - Why do scientists design experiments to disprove...Ch. 3.4 - Should Ockhams razor be considered an irrefutable...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 1EGCh. 3.7 - For most cases, a p value of 0.05 is used to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 3 - Prob. 2CSCh. 3 - Prob. 3CSCh. 3 - Prob. 1QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...
Ch. 3 - Prob. 4QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14QPCh. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 17QPCh. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Prob. 26QPCh. 3 - Prob. 27QPCh. 3 - Variations on a Theme by Mendel A characteristic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29QPCh. 3 - Variations on a Theme by Mendel Pea plants usually...Ch. 3 - Prob. 31QPCh. 3 - Prob. 32QPCh. 3 - Prob. 33QPCh. 3 - Prob. 34QPCh. 3 - Prob. 35QPCh. 3 - Prob. 36QP
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- Gregor Mendel developed an understanding of heredity through his experiments with pea plants. The diagram below shows a cell with 2 pairs of homologous chromosomes and genotype of AaBb. a. Identify all the possible allele combinations that could be formed if this cell undergoes meiosis. b. Identify one of Mendel's laws that is illustrated when you write out these allele combinations. EXPLAIN this law.arrow_forwardMendel's Law of Independent Assortment refers to [ Select ] In the picture below, what assorts independently from each other? [ Select ] If the cell in the picture below undergoes S phase and then Meiosis, what are the possible gamete types? [ Select ] Parent cell A- 2n=4 a- B.arrow_forwardMendel's Law of Independent Assortment states that: the members of a pair of homologous chromosemes assort independently of each other during gamete formation none of these the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes separate from each other during gamete formati different pairs of homologous chromosomes assort independently of each other during gamete formation different pairs of homologous chromosomes separate from each other during gamete formationarrow_forward
- (a) During which division of meiosis do Mendel's rules of Segregation and Independent assortment аpply? (b) The genotype of F1 individuals in a tetrahybrid cross is AaBbCcDd. Assuming independent assortment of these 4 genes what are the probabilities that F2 offspring will have the following genotypes? (i) AABBCCDD (ii) AaBBccDd (c) If the quantity of DNA in a cell at G1 of the cell cycle is 5 picograms (pg); what will the quantity of DNA in that cell be at G2 phase of the cell cycle? Give reasonarrow_forwardSuppose a man is heterozygous for heterochromia, an autosomal dominant disorder which causes two different‑colored eyes in an individual, produced 25‑offspring with his normal‑eyed wife. Of their children, 16 were heterochromatic and 9 were‑normal. Calculate the chi‑square value for this observation.arrow_forwardPart 1: Make a three part process drawing (like a cartoon strip) to demonstrate Mendel's Principle of Segregation. Use two parents with homologous chromosomes marked with alleles "A" and "a". Circle and label these three action parts of the Principle of Segregation: a) parents are diploid, b) alleles separate to form haploid gametes (indicate when this happens), and c) gametes from each parent combine at random to form diploid offspring Part 2: Use the cross Aa x Aa and a Punnett square to demonstrate Mendel's Principle of Segregation. Circle and label these three action parts of the Principle of Segregation: a) parents are diploid, b) alleles separate to form haploid gametes and c) gametes from each parent combine at random to form diploid offspring. Part 3: Use homologous chromosomes marked with alleles "A" and "a" and a second pair of homologs marked with alleles "B" and "b". to demonstrate Mendel's Principle of Independent Assortment in cells in Meiosis. Indicate what phase this…arrow_forward
- Part 1: Make a three part process drawing (like a cartoon strip) to demonstrate Mendel’s Principle of Segregation. Use two parents with homologous chromosomes marked with alleles “A” and “a”. Circle and label these three action parts of the Principle of Segregation: a) parents are diploid, b) alleles separate to form haploid gametes (indicate when this happens), and c) gametes from each parent combine at random to form diploid offspring Part 2: Use the cross Aa x Aa and a Punnett square to demonstrate Mendel’s Principle of Segregation. Circle and label these three action parts of the Principle of Segregation: a) parents are diploid, b) alleles separate to form haploid gametes and c) gametes from each parent combine at random to form diploid offspring. Write the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios.arrow_forwardAlleles A and a are located on a pair of metacentric chromosomes. Alleles B and b are located on a pair of acrocentric chromosomes. A cross is made between individuals having the following genotypes: Aa Bb × aa bb.a. Draw the chromosomes as they would appear in each type of gamete produced by these individuals.b. For each type of progeny resulting from this cross, draw the chromosomes as they would appear in a cell at G1, G2, and metaphase of mitosis.arrow_forwardWhen does Mendel’s first law occur of equal segregation occur? Does it occur during mitosis, meiosis I, and/or meiosis II?arrow_forward
- Single nucleotide polymorphisms do not show mendelian segregation through meiosis. Is this true or false? Please explain briefly why and answer the question as quickly as possible.arrow_forward3) A. How are the following proteins involved in cell division: condensing, cohesin, kinetochore complex, tubulin? B. Why does phenotype not always reveal genotype? C. How can Mendel's postulates of segregation and independent assortment be explained by meiosis? D. Explain the genotypic and phenotypic ratios predicted when performing a monohybrid and a dihybrid cross of heterozygotes? E. How can you use the product rule and sum rule to calculate the probability of a particular genotype resulting from crossing parents of specific genotypes?arrow_forwardAn organism has two chromosomes only. Chromosome 1 has its centromere near one end and carries the A-locus. Chromosome 2 has its centromere at the centre and carries the B-locus. Consider a heterozygous with alleles A and B inherited from one parent and alleles a and b from the other parent. What does the following figure represent? a. Metaphase of meiosis I b. Metaphase of meiosis II c. Metaphase of mitosis d. Metaphase of mitosis or meiosis IIarrow_forward
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