What is the biochemical rationale for the use of creatine? It would serve as an electron donor to support reductive biosyntheses required to sustain cellular function. It would promote the movement of ions through ion channels and thus power the synthesis of ATP during exercise. It would be converted into creatine phosphate and thus serve as a rapid means of replenishing ATP during muscle contraction. It would directly serve as an electron carrier to support the oxidation of fuel molecules and thus energy production. What type of exercise would benefit most from creatine supplementation? a long-distance run a leisurely walk yoga sprinting
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- .Intramitochondrial ATP concentrations are about 5 mM, and phosphate con- centration is about 10 mM. If ADP is five times more abundant than AMP, calculate the molar concentrations of ADP and AMP at an energy charge of 0.85. Calculate AG for ATP hydrolysis at 37 °C under these conditions. The energy charge is the concentration of ATP plus half the concentration of ADP divided by the total adenine nucleotide concentration: [ATP] + 1/2[ADP] [ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP]Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: fructose- 6-phosphate, 1.0 mM; fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, 10 mM; AMP, 0.1 mM; ADP, 0.5 mM; ATP, 5 mM; and P, 10 mM. Is the phosphofructokinase reac- tion in muscle more or less exergonic than under standard conditions? By how much?. Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: fructose- 6-phosphate, 1.0 mM; fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, 10 mM; AMP, 0.1 mM; ADP, 0.5 mM; ATP, 5 mM; and P;, 10 mM. Is the phosphofruc- tokinase reaction in muscle more or less exergonic than under stan- dard conditions? By how much?
- Calculate the ATP yield for the full catabolism of a phospholipid containing ethanolamine, C18:3 Δ9, 12, 15 and oleic acid. Include any ATP “expenses” or “income”. This will be a complex problem—neatly show your work and justify your choices.. Because of the position of arsenic in the periodic table, arsenate (AsO}-) is chemically similar to inorganic phosphate and is used by phosphate-requiring enzymes as an alternative substrate. However, organic arsenates are quite unstable and spontaneously hydrolyze. Arsenate is known to inhibit ATP production in glycolysis. Identify the target enzyme, and explain the mechanism of inhibition.Many years later, in 1989, Wild, et al. revisited the idea of allosteric control of ATCase by CTP. They noted that CTP did indeed inhibit ATCase, but that the inhibition was always incomplete, even at high concentrations of CTP. They hypothesized that perhaps CTP did not act alone, but in combination with some other nucleotide. They tested the activity of ATCase in the presence of several nucleotide combinations. The results are shown in Table 3. a. What combination gives the most effective inhibition? b. What is the physiological significance of this combination? c. Revise Figure 1 to include this new information. d. Redraw Figure 2 to include this new information. How does the combination compare with the values for the nucleotides alone? Table 3: Relative specific activities for combinations of nucleotide effectors. A value greater than one indicates stimulation, a value less than one indicates inhibition. Nucleotide Effector ATP CTP GTP UTP ATP/CTP ATP/GTP ATP/UTP CTP/GTP CTP/UTP…
- is this stement false? Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: Fructose-6-phosphate (1.0 mM)Fructose-(1-6)-bisphosphate (10.0 mM)AMP (0.1 mM)ADP (0.5 mM)ATP (5.0 mM)Pi (10.0 mM)Under the above conditions the Phosphofructokinase reaction in muscle is more exergonic than under standard conditions.Just how much free energy is released via the passage of enough hydrogen ions through the ATP synthetase (F0F1 complex) to turn the gamma subunit (attached to the cam) TWO full 360 degrees revolutions? (0) (7) (14) (21) (42) (>42) kilocalories/mole. All choices are considered to be negative delta Gs. Briefly explainCompound A below is a key intermediate in the synthesis of keto-myo-inositol B. Suggest a synthetic route for the preparation of A from D-glucose C giving structures for all of the intermediates in your scheme. Ph3CO. Но, HO HO HO, HO 'HO. ОН ОН Ph CH3 А В
- Intramitochondrial ATP concentrations are about 5 mM, and phosphate concentration is about 10 mM. If ADP is five times more abundant than AMP,calculate the molar concentrations of ADP and AMP at an energy charge of 0.85. Calculate ∆G for ATP hydrolysis at 37 °C under these conditions.The energy charge is the concentration of ATP plus half the concentration of ADP divided by the total adenine nucleotide concentration.Walking consumes approximately 100 kcal/mi. In the hydrolysis of ATP (ATP → ADP + Pi), the reaction that drives muscle contraction, ΔG°′ is −7.3 kcal/mol (−30.5 kJ/mol). Calculate how many grams of ATP must be produced to walk a mile. ATP synthesis is coupled to the oxidation of glucose (ΔG°′ = −686 kcal/mol). How many grams of glucose are actually metabolized to produce this amount of ATP? (Assume that only glucose oxidation is used to generate ATP and that 40% of the energy generated from this process is used to phosphorylate ADP. The gram molecular weight of glucose is 180 g and that of ATP is 507 g.)Lactic acid builds up in the athlete's thigh muscle after marathon training. Compare and contrast the physiological functions and Vmax of glycogen phosphorylase in active skeletal muscle and liver. The athlete faints after a rigorous workout owing to a low blood glucose level. A liver biopsy reveals that there is an excess of glycogen in the liver. Suggestions on whatever sort of enzyme is faulty in this circumstance should be accompanied by an explanation.