The diagram to the right illustrates in panel A the N- acetyl-glutamate content of rat livers as a function of time after intraperitoneal injection of a load of amino acids containing glutamate (1.5 g/kg body weight). The lower panel B illustrates the activity of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I activity isolated from intact rat liver mitochondria similarly as a function of time after intraperitoneal injection of a load of amino acids (1.5 g/kg body weight). Virtually identical data were generated when only L- glutamate was injected intraperitoneally instead of the load of amino acids containing glutamate. It was also shown that the liver content of endogenous arginine and ornithine remained constant when arginine was omitted from the amino acid mixture. (a) 1. (b) Write the reactions using structural formulas underlying the observations in the two diagrams to the right (one for each panel). Include all the reactants, enzymes and cofactors. Make sure the chiral centers are represented correctly. (d) What does the coordinated appearance of the maxima in the panels mean? (c) Why L-glutamate injection had the same effect as the injection of amino acid mixture? N-acetyl-glutamate (nmol/g wet weight) Carbamyl phosphate synthetase-l activity (nmol/min/ma) Why the endogenous arginine and ornithine remained constant? 60 120 60 Time in minutes A 180 B
The diagram to the right illustrates in panel A the N- acetyl-glutamate content of rat livers as a function of time after intraperitoneal injection of a load of amino acids containing glutamate (1.5 g/kg body weight). The lower panel B illustrates the activity of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I activity isolated from intact rat liver mitochondria similarly as a function of time after intraperitoneal injection of a load of amino acids (1.5 g/kg body weight). Virtually identical data were generated when only L- glutamate was injected intraperitoneally instead of the load of amino acids containing glutamate. It was also shown that the liver content of endogenous arginine and ornithine remained constant when arginine was omitted from the amino acid mixture. (a) 1. (b) Write the reactions using structural formulas underlying the observations in the two diagrams to the right (one for each panel). Include all the reactants, enzymes and cofactors. Make sure the chiral centers are represented correctly. (d) What does the coordinated appearance of the maxima in the panels mean? (c) Why L-glutamate injection had the same effect as the injection of amino acid mixture? N-acetyl-glutamate (nmol/g wet weight) Carbamyl phosphate synthetase-l activity (nmol/min/ma) Why the endogenous arginine and ornithine remained constant? 60 120 60 Time in minutes A 180 B
Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Chapter27: Metabolic Integration And Organ Specialization
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 20P: Figure 27.3 illustrates the response of R (ATP-regenerating) and U (ATP-utilizing) enzymes to energy...
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Transcribed Image Text:1.
The diagram to the right illustrates in panel A the N-
acetyl-glutamate content of rat livers as a function of time after
intraperitoneal injection of a load of amino acids containing
glutamate (1.5 g/kg body weight). The lower panel B illustrates
the activity of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I activity isolated
from intact rat liver mitochondria similarly as a function of time
after intraperitoneal injection of a load of amino acids (1.5 g/kg
body weight). Virtually identical data were generated when only L-
glutamate was injected intraperitoneally instead of the load of
amino acids containing glutamate. It was also shown that the liver
content of endogenous arginine and ornithine remained constant
when arginine was omitted from the amino acid mixture.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Write the reactions using structural formulas
underlying the observations in the two diagrams to the
right (one for each panel). Include all the reactants,
enzymes and cofactors. Make sure the chiral centers are
represented correctly.
What does the coordinated appearance of the
maxima in the panels mean?
Why L-glutamate injection had the same effect as
the injection of amino acid mixture?
N-acetyl-glutamate (nmol/g wet weight)
Carbamyl phosphate synthetase-l activity
(nmol/min/ma
120
100
Why the endogenous arginine and ornithine remained constant?
60
120
120
Time in minutes
A
180
B
160
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Step 1: The urea cycle
VIEWStep 2: Biochemical reaction underlying the observations in the graph
VIEWStep 3: Interpretation of the coordinated maxima in the graphs
VIEWStep 4: Explanation of similarity in the response due to L-Glu and amino acid mixture
VIEWStep 5: Why the endogenous arginine and ornithine remained constant
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