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FAK deficient mice form a lot of focal adhesions
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- describe SARS-CoV2 Spike ProteinWhich ONE of the following molecular abnormalities is associated with the POOREST prognosis in acute myleoid leukaemia? A. t(8;21) translocaton (RUNX1_RUNX1fusion) B. DNMT3A mutation C. TP53 deletion D. NPM1 mutation.Link: Lack of RAC1 in macrophages protects against atherosclerosis - PMC (nih.gov) Could you explain the relationship between plaque, macrophages, RAC1, SM22 and smooth muslce cells? Would like to understand this topic below a bit better and the effects these things have on each other. After discovering that advanced plaques had a greater macrophage RAC1 expression than intermediate plaques, immunofluorescence was used to stain human intermediate (type III) and advanced (type VI) atherosclerotic plaques. The anti-Mac-2 (Cedarlane) antibody was used to identify macrophages, while the RAC1 (Sigma-Aldrich) and SM22 (Abcam) antibodies were used to identify smooth muscle cells.
- Effects of BPA on proinflammatory cytokines generation in RAW264.7 cells conclusionGive 5 storage conditions of human normal immunoglobulin injection and why?Calculate the specificity factor (a) of the interaction between the ACE2 protein and SARS-CoV-2 variant spike proteins at [ACE2] = 1 nM and 10nM. Show work pls
- Box one: • Human breast cancer cell line BT474, which overexpresses HER2, in 10 cm Petri dishes• Human HER3 ligand• Lapatinib• Lysis buffer A (containing 1% Triton and 0.1% SDS)• Lysis buffer B (containing no detergent)• Mouse anti-HER3 antibodies• Mouse anti-pY1289 of HER3, that recognises the phospho-tyrosine at position1289 of Her3• Mouse anti-actin antibodies• Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti mouse IgG antibodies• SDS-PAGE Sample buffer (contains SDS, mercaptoethanol and bromophenolblue)• Molecular weight markers• SDS-PAGE gel• Nitrocellulose membrane• Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)• Blocking buffer (5%w/v BSA in PBS)• X-ray film• Luminol/H2O2 (hydrogen peroxideAtaxia-telangiectasis (ATM) is a rare genetic neurodegenerative disease. About 20% of people with ATM develop acute lymphocytic leukemia or lymphoma, cancers of the immune-system cells. Cells in many of these cancers exhibit chromosome rearrangements, with chromosome breaks occurring at antibody and T-cell-receptor genes (A. L. Bredemeyer et al. 2006. Nature 442:466–470). Many people with ATM also have a weakened immune system, which makes them susceptible to respiratory infections. Research has shown that the locus that causes ATM has a role in the repair of double-strand breaks. Explain why people who have a genetic defect in the repair of doublestrand breaks might have a high incidence of chromosome rearrangements in their immune-system cells and why their immune systems might be weakened.Biologic agents can block cell migration to sites of inflammation and reduce immune responses. Natalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed at the a4-integrin protein, a subunit of VLA-4, the binding partner of VCAM-1 expressed on endothelium in the central nervous system, and of a4b-integrin, the binding partner of MadCAM-1 expressed on endothelium in the gut. While natalizumab has had great success in alleviating the symptoms of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Crohn’s disease, a small number of patients have acquired life threatening infections of the neurotrophic virus, JC. Why are patients on natalizumab particularly susceptible to a virus infection of the central nervous system?
- At any given time, intestinal crypts of mice com-prise about 15 stem cells and 10 Paneth cells. After celldivision, which occurs about once a day, the daughtercells remain stem cells only if they maintain contact with aPaneth cell. This constant competition for Paneth-cell con-tact raises the possibility that crypts might become mono-clonal over time; that is, the crypt cells at one point in timemight derive from only 1 of the 15 stem cells that existedat some earlier time. To test this possibility, you use theso-called confetti marker that upon activation expressesany one of three fluorescent proteins in the stem cells ofthe crypt. You then examine crypts at various times todetermine whether they contain cells with multiple colorsor only one color (Figure Q22–1). Do the crypts becomemonoclonal over time or not? How can you tell?Even single point mutations can have a significant effect on protein function. Describe how point mutations in the SARS-CoV2 spike protein might affect its function.Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can result in a wide range, and severity, of symptoms. Researchsuggests that some of this variation arises from the genetic variations between humans. Forexample, individuals with mutations in their interferon genes have a more severe response toSARS-CoV-2. Describe two general types of mutations that may occur in DNA, and how thesemutations might affect production of interferon-gamma. (Please note that I am looking for generaltypes of mutations, not specific nucleotide changes.)
