Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134089089
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Seth Shostak
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3, Problem 44IF
To determine
The reason for absence of living beings if galaxy didn’t had stars and universe.
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Hubble's First Attempt. Edwin Hubble's first attempt to measure the universe's expansion rate was flawed because the standard candles he was using were not properly calibrated. Look at (Figure 1)
a.Estimate the value of Ho corresponding to the solid line in the figure. Express your answer kilometers per second per million light-years to two significant figures.
b.What is the approximate age of the universe indicated by that erroneous value of Ho? Express your answer in years to one significant figure.
Consider three periods in the history of the Universe: one million years after the Big Bang (age = 1 million years), about five billion
years ago (age = 9 billion years), and today. What is the ranking in the expansion rate of the Universe in these three period, from
fastest to slowest expansion:
O 1 million years, today, 9 billion years.
today, 1 million years, 9 billion years.
today, 9 billion years, 1 million years.
O 1 million years, 9 billion years, today.
What is cosmic infalation ? Explain it.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
Ch. 3 - List three major ideas of astronomy that help...Ch. 3 - Briefly define and describe each of the various...Ch. 3 - Describe the solar system as it looks on the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4RQCh. 3 - Prob. 5RQCh. 3 - Prob. 6RQCh. 3 - Prob. 7RQCh. 3 - What do we mean when we say that Earth and life...Ch. 3 - Imagine describing the cosmic calendar to a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 3 - Prob. 11RQCh. 3 - Prob. 12RQCh. 3 - What is the difference between matter in the...Ch. 3 - Define and give examples of kinetic energy,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 15RQCh. 3 - Prob. 16RQCh. 3 - Briefly describe the four major features of our...Ch. 3 - Briefly describe the nebular theory and how it...Ch. 3 - What was the close encounter hypothesis for our...Ch. 3 - How have recent discoveries led scientists to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 21TYUCh. 3 - At a middle school talent show, 14-year-old Sam...Ch. 3 - SETI researchers announced today that if they...Ch. 3 - A noted physicist today announced that he has...Ch. 3 - Prob. 25TYUCh. 3 - Astronomers have discovered a galaxy in the far...Ch. 3 - Inventor John Johnson has patented a device that...Ch. 3 - Prob. 28TYUCh. 3 - Prob. 29TYUCh. 3 - Using new, powerful telescopes, biologists today...Ch. 3 - Prob. 31TYUCh. 3 - Prob. 32TYUCh. 3 - A television advertisement claiming that a product...Ch. 3 - When we say the universe is expanding, we mean...Ch. 3 - Prob. 35TYUCh. 3 - The age of our solar system is about (a) one-third...Ch. 3 - Prob. 37TYUCh. 3 - How many of the planets orbit the Sun in the same...Ch. 3 - Prob. 39TYUCh. 3 - Prob. 40TYUCh. 3 - Explaining the Past. Is it really possible for...Ch. 3 - A Strange Star System. Suppose that we discovered...Ch. 3 - Prob. 44IFCh. 3 - Alien Technology. Some people believe that Earth...Ch. 3 - Atomic Terminology Practice. a. The most common...Ch. 3 - Prob. 49IFCh. 3 - Prob. 50IFCh. 3 - Patterns of Motion. In one or two paragraphs,...Ch. 3 - Two Kinds of Planets. The jovian planets differ...Ch. 3 - Pluto and Eris. How does the nebular theory...Ch. 3 - Rocks from Other Solar Systems. Many leftovers...Ch. 3 - Prob. 55IFCh. 3 - Prob. 56IFCh. 3 - Scale of the Solar System. The real diameters of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 58IFCh. 3 - Prob. 59IFCh. 3 - Prob. 60IFCh. 3 - Prob. 61IFCh. 3 - Prob. 62IFCh. 3 - Prob. 63IFCh. 3 - Prob. 67WPCh. 3 - Tour of the Solar System. Visit one of the many...
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- Your friends are talking about Olber's Paradox: Friend 1: When the universe was quite young, it was also quite small, and therefore light was trapped inside the universe. This is why we don't see light from the edge of the universe in every direction. Friend 2: No, Olber's Paradox describes only light from stars, not from galaxies, and why you can't use light from distant stars to see at night. Friend 3: You're both right and you're both wrong. The paradox concerns itself with the expansion of the universe, and explains why light from the early universe was able to be released. Are any of them right, in part or in whole?arrow_forwardWhat evidence shows that the Universe is expanding? What evidence shows that the Universe began with a Big Bang?arrow_forwardWhat does it mean to say that the universe is expanding? What is expanding? For example, is your astronomy classroom expanding? Is the solar system? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- Construct a timeline for the universe and indicate when various significant events occurred, from the beginning of the expansion to the formation of the Sun to the appearance of humans on Earth.arrow_forwardSuppose we look at two distant galaxies: Galaxy 1 is twice as far away as Galaxy 2. In this case, A. Galaxy 1 must be twice as big as Galaxy 2. B. we are seeing Galaxy 1 as it looked at an earlier time in the history of the universe than Galaxy 2. C. we are seeing Galaxy 1 as it looked at a later time in the history of the universe than Galaxy 2. D. Galaxy 2 must be twice as old as Galaxy 1.arrow_forwardState three pieces of evidence that support the idea that the Universe began in a hot Big Bang, and explain how each piece of evidence supports the hot Big Bang model. Describe the ob- servational evidence that supports the idea that the Universe is pervaded by Dark Energy, and explain why each piece of evidence you cite supports the Dark Energy model.arrow_forward
- Stuck on homework, especially the significant part. If the value of the Hubble constant is 70 kilometers per second per Mpc, then what is the Hubble time – that is, the amount of time the universe has been expanding since the Big Bang? Give your answer first in units of seconds, and then in units of billions of years. Your answer is significant to two digits.arrow_forwardHubble's law. Hubble found that distant galaxies are receding with a velocity proportional to their distance from where we are on Earth. For the ith Galaxy, vi=H0ri With us at the origin. Show that this recession of the galaxies from us does not imply that we are at the center of the universe. Specifically, take the Galaxy at r1 as a New origin and show that Hubble's law is still obeyed.arrow_forwardAstronomers frequently say that "there are more stars in the universe than there are grains of sand on all the beaches on the earth". Given that a typical grain of sand is about 0.5 – 1.0 mm in diameter, estimate the number of grains of sand on all the earth's beaches. The diameter of the Earth is 12,742 km. a) About 1011 b) About 1016 c) About 1021. 6. Assume that a typical galaxy contains about 200 billion stars and that there are more than 150 billion galaxies in the known universe. Estimate the total number of stars in the universe. b) About 1022 a) About 1010 c) About 1016. 7. Compare the values of the number of grains of sand in all earth's beaches (from problem 5) with the number of stars in the universe (from problem 6) – which is greater? a) Number of sand grains b) number of stars c) they are about the same.arrow_forward
- Try Now ... .... Listed below are some distances from Earth to other objects in the Milky Way galaxy. Convert each distance to light-years. (Each of these distances is less than one light-year. For an added challenge, convert each distance to light minutes or light seconds.) 1. The distance from Earth to the Moon is about 384,400 km. How many light-years is this? 2. The distance from Earth to Mars is about 784,000,000 km. How many light-years is this? 3. The distance from Earth to Pluto is about 5,750,000,000 km. How many light-years is this?arrow_forwardWhat is the the steady-state theory of the universe, and why was it abandoned? What theory do we recognize today for explanation of the creation of the universe?arrow_forwardThe Milky Way grew through merging with many smaller galaxies. What are the observational signatures of this process? O The motion of old stars in the bulge and halo of our galaxy are randomly orientated, meaning they were formed from collisions of small, accreted, galaxies all on different paths. O The ordered motion of the bulge / halo stars means that they came from many objects. The random motions of stars in the disk means it was formed from collisions of small, accreted, galaxies. O The motion of young stars in the disk are all in the same direction, meaning they came in as seperate objects.arrow_forward
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