Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393614008
Author: Clark Spencer Larsen
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 3, Problem 3SQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The RNA or ribonucleic acid is important for gene regulation and gene expression. The RNA stores the genetic information of the DNA and involced in protein synthesis through translation process.
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How are rare bases incorporated into tRNAs?
a. Encoded by guide RNAs
b. By chemical changes to one of the standard bases
c. Encoded by rare bases in DNA
d. Encoded by sequences in introns
Which statement BEST DESCRIBES the tRNA structure?
A. Amino acids bind to the 5′ end of the tRNA molecule.
B. When a tRNA has an amino acid attached to it, it is considered to be a charged tRNA
C. Synthetases are not important to tRNA
D. Amino acids are linked to tRNAs with hydrogen bonds
Which event contradicts the central dogma of molecular biology? a. Poly-A polymerase enzymes process mRNA in the nucleus. b. Endonuclease enzymes splice out and repair damaged DNA. c. Scientists use reverse transcriptase enzymes to make DNA from RNA. d. Codons specifying amino acids are degenerate and universal.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology (Fourth Edition)
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- What is meant by the term DNA replication? a. synthesis of nucleotides b. cell division c. interpretation of the genetic code d. the exact copying of the DNA code into two new moleculesarrow_forwardWhich type of gene controls functions like an "on-off" switch for gene transcription? A. DNA methylation B. Phosphorylation C. translation D. protein degradationarrow_forwardIn order to isolate the DNA or RNA from the cells, what would be the first step? a. to block the mucleus from digesting the nucleic acid b.To precipiate the nucleic acid c. To break down the plasma membrane and the cell walls (plant cells) d.To remove protiens from the solutionsarrow_forward
- Which statement below about DNA is false? A. DNA is present in an essential for all living cells. B.  DNA is located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. C. DNA  is always perfectly copied during DNA replication. D.  DNA can exist as a linear or circular molecule.arrow_forwardWhich statement about the flow of genetic information is true? a. RNA encodes information that is translated into DNA, and DNA encodes information that is translated into protein b. DNA encodes information that is translated into RNA, and RNA encodes information that is translated into proteins c. DNA encodes information that is translated into proteins and RNA. d. Proteins encode information that is used to produce other proteins of the same amino acid sequence. e. Proteins encode information that is translated into RNA, and RNA encodes information that is transcribed into DNAarrow_forwardChronic liver disease is common among HIV-infected patients, and is increasingly a cause of mortality and morbidity. The disease is usually a result of the destruction and altering of specific liver cell membrane proteins, which damages and kills liver cells. How does HIV influence this activity? A. Protein synthesis is altered in HIV patients due to the insertion of viral RNA. B. Liver disease is a side-effect of several HIV medications. C. HIV halts DNA transcription and inhibits protein synthesis. D. Liver disease is caused by the attack of the HIV virus on the organ itselfarrow_forward
- Which of these features is found in eukaryotes but not bacteria?a. polygene mRNAs b. introns c. stop codon d. AUG codonarrow_forwardWhich statement is true of the translocation phase of elongation during protein synthesis? a. The empty tRNA moves to the A site of the ribosomal complex. b. The empty tRNA moves to the T site of the ribosomal complex. c. The dipeptide moves from the A site to the P site of the ribosomal complex. d. The dipeptide moves from the P site to the A site of the ribosomal complex.arrow_forwardThe structure of DNA revealed how information is stored in the base sequence along a DNA strand. But what information is stored and how is it expressed?arrow_forward
- Which statment below about nucleotides is TRUE ? A. Base pairing occurs between the 5' and 3' carbons of the sugar in a nucleotide. B. A deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) becomes a DNA necleotide during polymerization C. In a nucleotide, the base is either deoxyribose (in DNA) or ribose (in RNA) D. A nucleotide is composed of two nitrogenous bases, a sugar and a phosphate group.arrow_forwardWhich rRNA plays a major role in the aligning of the transcript in the ribosome of prokaryotes? A. 28S rRNA B. 23S rRNA C. 16S rRNA D. 18S rRNAarrow_forwardWhat would be the result if an organism’s telomerase were mutated and nonfunctional? a. No DNA replication would take place. b. The DNA polymerase enzyme would stall at the telomere. c. Chromosomes would shorten with each new generation. d. RNA primers could not be removed.arrow_forward
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