Astronomy Today (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134450278
Author: Eric Chaisson, Steve McMillan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 3MC
To determine
The correct option, from the following options, to complete the statement “Venus must be” by using the figure
(a) orbiting Earth
(b) orbiting the Sun
(c) about the same diameter as Earth
(d) similar to the Moon
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The chart shows the length of time for each planet, in Earth days, to make one complete
revolution around the Sun.
Orbital Period of Planets iY
the Solar System
Orbital Period
(Earth days)
88
225
365
687
4333
10 759
30 685
60 189
Planet
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Satum
Uranus
Neptune
Source: NASA
Use the data table above to compare the length of a year on Mars and Neptune. (HS-ESS1-4)
a. One year on Neptune is almost 100 times longer than a year on Mars.
b. One year on these two planets is nearly equal.
c. One year on Mars is almost 100 times longer than a year on Neptune.
d. One year these two planets is roughly equal to a year on Earth.
Use the data table above to determine which of the following statements is TRUE. (HS-ESS1-4)
a. There is no relationship between a planet's distance from the Sun and its length of
year.
b. The closer a planet is to the Sun, the longer the planet's year.
c. One year on all planets is about 365 days long.
d. The farther away a planet is from the…
I. Directions: Complete the given table by finding the ratio of the planet's time of revolution to its radius.
Average
Radius of
Orbit
Times of
Planet
R3
T2
T?/R3
Revolution
Mercury
5.7869 x 1010
7.605 x 106
Venus
1.081 x 1011
1.941 x 107
Earth
1.496 x 1011
3.156 x 107
1. What pattern do you observe in the last column of data? Which law of Kepler's does this seem to support?
II. Solve the given problems. Write your solution on the space provided before each number.
1. You wish to put a 1000-kg satellite into a circular orbit 300 km above the earth's surface. Find the
following:
a) Speed
b) Period
c) Radial Acceleration
Given:
Unknown:
Formula:
Solution:
Answer:
Given:
Unknown:
Formula:
Solution:
Answer:
Given:
Unknown:
Formula:
Solution:
Answer:
The table below lists the average distance R to the Sun and orbital period T of the first planets:Distance Orbital PeriodMercury 0.39 AU 88 daysVenus 0.72 AU 225 daysEarth 1.00 AU 365 daysMars 1.52 AU 687 days(a) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Mars to the Earth.Which one of these planets is the closest to Earth on average?(b) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Earth to Mars.Which one of these planets is the closest to Mars on average?(c) What do you expect for the other planets?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Astronomy Today (9th Edition)
Ch. 2 - Prob. 1DCh. 2 - Prob. 2DCh. 2 - Prob. 3DCh. 2 - Prob. 4DCh. 2 - Prob. 5DCh. 2 - Prob. 6DCh. 2 - Prob. 7DCh. 2 - Prob. 8DCh. 2 - Prob. 9DCh. 2 - Prob. 10D
Ch. 2 - Prob. 11DCh. 2 - Prob. 12DCh. 2 - Prob. 13DCh. 2 - Prob. 14DCh. 2 - Prob. 15DCh. 2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 2 - Prob. 4MCCh. 2 - Prob. 5MCCh. 2 - Prob. 6MCCh. 2 - Prob. 7MCCh. 2 - Prob. 8MCCh. 2 - Prob. 9MCCh. 2 - Prob. 10MCCh. 2 - Prob. 1PCh. 2 - Prob. 2PCh. 2 - Prob. 3PCh. 2 - Prob. 4PCh. 2 - Prob. 5PCh. 2 - Prob. 6PCh. 2 - Prob. 7PCh. 2 - Prob. 8P
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- Between mars and Jupiter the asteroid ceres orbits the sun at an average radius of 2.766 AU. Use kelpers third law to calculate the time in earth it takes for ceres to make one complete orbit. Round up your answer to the correct number of significant digits.arrow_forwardIf you lived on Mars, which planets would exhibit retrograde motion like that observed for Mars from Earth? Which would never be visible as crescent phases?arrow_forwardExplain the differences between the Grand Canyon on Earth and Valles Marineris on Mars.arrow_forward
- If you weigh 150 lbs. on the surface of Earth, how much would you weigh on Venus? On Mars?arrow_forwardThe table below lists the average distance R to the Sun and orbital period T of the first planets: Distance Orbital Period Mercury 0.39 AU 88 days Venus 0.72 AU 225 days Earth 1.00 AU 365 days Mars 1.52 AU 687 days (a) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Mars to the Earth. Which one of these planets is the closest to Earth on average? (b) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Earth to Mars. Which one of these planets is the closest to Mars on average? (c) What do you expect for the other planets? Hint: Assume circular orbits and use symmetries to make the distance calculation easier. You can approximate the average distance by using four well-chosen points on the planet's orbit.arrow_forwardSaturn's mass is M= 5.69 x 1026 kg and its radius R=60,300 km. If a moon orbits Saturn at a distance equal to 5 times its planetary radius, what is its period of orbit? (Hint, use Newton's version of Kepler's 3rd law, and you can neglect the mass of the moon) Express your answer in days to three significant figures.arrow_forward
- Galileo's telescopes were not of high quality by modern standards. He was able to see the moons of Jupiter, but he never reported seeing features on Mars. Use the small-angle formula to find the angular diameter of Mars when it is closest to Earth. How does that compare with the maximum angular diameter of Jupiter? (Assume circular orbits with radii equal to the average distance from the Sun. Using the following distances from the Sun: Mars is 228 million km, Jupiter is 778 million km, and Earth is 150 million km. The radius of Mars is 3396 km. The radius of Jupiter is 71,492 km.) angular diameter of Mars = ( )seconds of arc angular diameter of Jupiter =( )seconds of arc ratio of angular diameters (Jupiter/Mars) = ( )arrow_forwardIf the satellite was placed in an orbit three times farther away, about how long would it take to orbit the Earth once? Answer in days, rounding to one significant figure.days Mars rotates on its axis once every 1.02 days (almost the same as Earth does). (a) Find the distance from Mars at which a satellite would remain in one spot over the Martian surface. (Use 6.42 1023 kg for the mass of Mars.)m(b) Find the speed of the satellite.m/sarrow_forwardWhich of these is the best summary of Galileo's observations of the phases of Venus, and his interpretation of what he saw? Group of answer choices As seen from Earth, Venus goes through a full set of phases, implying that Earth and Venus both orbit the Sun. As seen from Earth, Venus only ever looks like a crescent, implying that Venus and the Sun both orbit the Earth. As seen from Earth, Venus goes through a full set of phases, implying that Venus and the Sun both orbit the Earth. As seen from Earth, Venus only ever looks like a crescent, implying that Earth and Venus both orbit the Sun.arrow_forward
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