Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 35.3, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The changes that may occur if a land is suddenly irrigated heavily after being dry for many years and the result of cutting down a deciduous forest and replacing it with crops that have to be harvested every year.
Introduction:
Soil is a medium, in which plants grow and various living organisms thrive. The quality of the soil is dependent on environmental factors. Soil degradation has serious impacts on the ecosystem as plant growth depends on the soil quality. If the flora dies, the fauna in that area, in consequence, will die too.
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Students have asked these similar questions
How can soil erosion lead to desertification?
It reduces the level of organic matter
It promotes flooding that destroys vegetation
It promotes salinization that destroys soil structure
Which of the following is not a factor that may lead to urban sprawl?
Pollution
Immigration
Overpopulation
Which statement is NOT true about soil salinization?
Soil dehydrates due to decrease in accumulation of water underground.
Starts by attempting to wash the salts out of the topsoil by pumping more water.
Results to the damage and killing of plants as saline water surrounds its deep roots.
Which would most likely happen if too much nutrient entered a freshwater ecosystem?
Algae will decrease, leaving few food resources, for fish.
Nutrients would sink to the bottom, increasing soil deposition.
Algae breakdown lowers dissolved oxygen, causing fish to suffocate.
Why are total soil concentrations poor indicators of the amounts of ions that
may bioaccumulate (enter the food chain)?
For which of the following problems would growing and maintaining cover crops be an appropriate solution?
Erosion is thinning the soil on a farm.
The organic matter and nutrients in the soil on a farm are being depleted.
The soil on a farm is becoming arid due to decreased water-carrying capacity.
a
I and II only
b
I and III only
c
II and III only
d
I, II, and III
Chapter 35 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- Which statement is correct? None of the statements are correct. On a very still (little wind) day, the microclimate at the leaf surface has a low water potential, thus there is little transpiration loss. On a very windy day, the microclimate at the leaf surface has a high water potential, thus there is a lot of water lost via transpiration. On a very still (little wind) day, the microclimate at the leaf surface has a high water potential, thus there is little transpiration loss.arrow_forwardThe practice of crop rotation uses nitrogen fixation to create fertile fields. First, a plant without a nitrogen-fixing relationship, such as corn, is planted. After the harvest, a nitrogen-fixing plant replaces the initial crop. Instead of harvesting the nitrogen-fixing plant, however, it is plowed under. The cycle continues in this manner. Why would nitrogen-fixing plants be plowed under instead of harvested? * To increase water retention. Nitrogen-fixing plants are not a food crop. To increases usable nitrogen in the soil. To decrease bacteria in the soil.arrow_forwardFertile soil is one of the keys to good yield. (i) Explain the roles of clay and organic matter in contributing to soil fertility and cation exchange capacity (CEC). (ii) Name ONE (1) negative effect of low CEC and high CEC soils respectively. Suggest ways to improve low CEC and high CEC soils. (iii) Suggest ONE (1) suitable type of crops for high CEC soil, low CEC soil and loam soil respectively.arrow_forward
- Drought is the main constraint for agriculture sector. What is the major consequence of water insufficiency in plant? *arrow_forwardWhy do tropical and temperate soils have different rates of nutrient regeneration?arrow_forwardCompared to traditional tillage, conservation tillage reduces topsoil erosion accelerates water loss from the soil causes soil compaction does not require herbicides reduces the amount of carbon stored in the groundarrow_forward
- Science has rarely documented long-term, soil-based productivity decline in forested ecosystems due to forest harvesting as normally practiced. Where it has been documented, some common themes have emerged. Identify what types of soil conditions might first succumb to forest harvesting. What management techniques might tend to harm productivity, especially in the long-term? Be sure to explain your answers.arrow_forwardIt is June in Fresno and the officials at the water district have just reduced your irrigation ration by 26%. In the field, you determine that the water potential in your soil is -1.68 MPa while the water potential of your crop is -1.62 MPa. Question A. Is your crop able to take up water from the soil? Explain. Question B. It is now late August and your soil water potential is -2.10 MPa, fortunately, you have been granted one magic wish in altering the physiology of your crop to increase its ability to take up water, however, you must choose from one of the options below. Fill in the values denoted by the ? as needed, and select the option that will cause the greatest water uptake by your crop. Option Vs (MPa) Vp (MPa) Vw (MPa) -1.90 0.00 -2.59 +0.13 -2.4 -2.09 -2.05 -2.28 +0.17 4.arrow_forwardThe practice of crop rotation uses nitrogen fixation to create fertile fields. First, a plant without a nitrogen-fixing relatiorhip, such as corn, is planted. After the harvest, a nitrogen-fixing plant replaces the initial crop. Instead of harvesting the nitrogen-fixing plant, however, it is plowed under. The cycle continues in this manner. Why would nitrogen-fixing plants be plowed under instead of harvested? * To increase water retention. O Nitrogen-fixing plants are not a food crop. To increases usable nitrogen in the soil. To decrease bacteria in the soil.arrow_forward
- Farming is often done on the large-scale to allow for high-volume production. For example, tomatoes can be grown in large open fields and harvested by machinery instead of by hand. The harvester machine not only collects (nearly) all the tomatoes, it also removes the green unripe fruits! Harvesters like this one greatly reduce the time needed to obtain crops but challenges remain. What is one biotic factor that could limit the tomato yield? List and briefly explain how this factor causes a yield decrease What is one strategy you could use to try and reduce losses from this biotic factor?arrow_forwardSoil pH influence the availability of soil nutrient elements TRUE OR FALSEarrow_forwardWhich soil mineral is most likely to be leached away during heavy rain? O hydrogen ion (H+) O Potassium ion (K+) O chloride ion (Cl-) O Calcium ion (Ca2+) O Sodium ion (Na+)arrow_forward
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