Tutorials in Introductory Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780130970695
Author: Peter S. Shaffer, Lillian C. McDermott
Publisher: Addison Wesley
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Chapter 27.2, Problem 3bTH
To determine
The comparison of absolute work done for the process I and IV.
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Part A
At extremely low temperatures, the specific heats of
metals are proportional to the absolute temperature
T. For example, the specific heat of copper is
c = (0.011 J/kg K)T for temperatures below
What is the entropy change of 850 g of copper as it is heated from 0.5 K to 2.0 K?
2 K.
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
HA
?
AS =
Value
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The density of liquid nitrogen is 810 kg/m³.
Part A
What is the entropy change of the nitrogen if 190 mL of liquid nitrogen boils away and then warms to 20°C at constant pressure?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
AS =
Value
Units
?
Part C
Since the aluminum bar is not an isolated system, the second law of thermodynamics cannot be applied to the bar alone. Rather, it should be applied to the bar in
combination with its surroundings (the lake). Assume that the entropy change of the bar is -1238 J/K. What is the change in total entropy A.Stotal?
Express your answer numerically in joules per Kelvin
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Chapter 27 Solutions
Tutorials in Introductory Physics
Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 1aTHCh. 27.1 - In this process, which of the quantities P, V, n,...Ch. 27.1 - Consider the following incorrect student...Ch. 27.1 - Explain why it is not possible to use the ideal...Ch. 27.1 - A long pin is used to hold the piston in place as...Ch. 27.1 - A long pin is used to hold the piston in place as...Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 2cTHCh. 27.2 - Prob. 1aTHCh. 27.2 - Prob. 1bTHCh. 27.2 - Prob. 1cTH
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- A 4.0-kg piece of aluminum at 29.4 °C is placed in 1.0 kg of water in a Styrofoam container at room temperature (20.0 °C). Part A Estimate the net change in entropy of the system. Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units. AS = μA Value Units ?arrow_forwardA 170 cm³ cup of coffee cools from 88°C to the 20°C temperature of the room. Assume that the temperature of the room does not change and coffee has the same specific heat and density as water. What is the entropy change of the coffee? Express your answer with the appropriate units. AS cofee = Value Submit Part B ASroom = Submit HÅ What is the entropy change of the room? Express your answer with the appropriate units. Part C Request Answer Submit μÅ Value Request Answer μA A.Suniverse Value Units What is the entropy change of the universe? Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units. Request Answer Units ? Units ? Sy ?arrow_forwardUsing Thermordynamics and Work Theorem 0.5 moles of cinnamaldehyde gas that has an initial volume of ten liters expands under the following conditions: 185°F and 800mmHg external pressure. a. How much work is done? Express your answer in L atm. b. Assuming that the container is cylindrical with a base radius of 10cm and can only expand vertically, how much kinetic energy does a single molecule possesses if it travels from base to base of the expanded cylinder in 10μs? Express your answer in J.arrow_forward
- Problem 2 Suppose an irreversible process takes 1.0 mol of monoatomic ideal gas from state 1 to state 2, where pressure increases linearly with volume as shown in the diagram below. P2 Suppose that the following measurements are taken: 1 P1 Pi=101,000 N/m? Vi = 0.010 m³ p2=185,000 N/m? V2 = 0.026 m V1 V2 Calculate the following: a) work done on the system for the process. b) heat into the system for the process. c) AUsys for going from state 1 to 2. Give your answer in units of joules (J). d) ASsys for going from state 1 to 2. Give your answer in units of J/K. e) What can be known about ASsurr for this process? V (m³) p (N/m²)arrow_forwardIn an engine, an almost ideal gas is compressed adiabatically to half its volume. In doing so, 2530 J of work is done on the gas. Part A How much heat flows into or out of the gas? Express your answer with the appropriate units. ? Value Units %3D Submit Request Answer Part B What is the change in internal energy of the gas? Express your answer with the appropriate units. ? AU = Value Unitsarrow_forwardSuppose a monatomic ideal gas is changed from state A to state D by one of the processes shown on the PV diagram. 1. The gas follows the constant-temperature path AC followed by the constant-pressure path CD. What is the total work done on the gas ? What is the total change in internal energy of the gas during the entire process? What is the total heat flow into the gas?arrow_forward
- AT = K Ideal-gas processes are often shown on a pV diagram that graphs pressure versus volume. (Figure 1) is the pV diagram for 2.0 mol of a monatomic gas that undergo a process taking them from initial state i to final state f. Submit Request Answer Part B Figure 1 of 1 What is the change in entropy? p (kPa) Express your answer in joules per kelvin. 200- AS = J/K 100- Submit Request Answer 0- 0. V (L) 50 100 150arrow_forwardThe power output of a car engine running at 3000 rpm is 400 kW. Part A How much work is done per cycle if the engine's thermal efficiency is 20.0%? Give your answer in kJ. Express your answer in kilojoules.arrow_forwardA 480 kg concrete table needs to be supported at the four corners by compressed-air cylinders. Each cylinder is 20 cm in diameter and has a 1.20 m initial length when the pressure inside is 1.0 atm. A hoist lowers the table very slowly, compressing the cylinders while allowing them to stay in thermal equilibrium with their surroundings. Part A How much work has been done on the gas of the four cylinders when the table reaches its equilibrium position? Express your answer with the appropriate units. HẢ W = 4600 Pa Submit Previous Answers Request Answer X Incorrect; Try Again; 4 attempts remainingarrow_forward
- The figure below is a PV diagram for an ideal gas. Process II occurs at constant temperature. In process III, 87 J of heat is removed from the gas and 29 J of work is done on the gas. B = A II III A.) Find the change in internal energy for process III. B.) Find Q, AU, and W for process I. = AU= W =arrow_forwardProblem Statement A piston-cylinder heat engine containing a monatomic ideal gas undergoes the three processes drawn on the p-V diagram below. The gas is initially at room temperature (300 K). Determine the total work done by the gas, and the total heat flow into the gas after completing one cycle. What is the thermal efficiency of this engine? Visual Representation • Draw the pV diagram of the cycle (if not already given). Identify the type of each process. p (kPa) 3 400 200 V (cm³) 200 100 Mathematical Representation V and T at the beginning and end of each process. Determine • Calculate Q, Wby, and AEtherm for each Verify that (AEtherm)net=0. • Calculate desired quantities. p, process.arrow_forwardThe ideal gas in a Carnot engine extracts 1000 J of heat energy during the isothermal expansion at 260 °C. Part A How much heat energy is exhausted during the isothermal compression at 46 °C? Express your answer with the appropriate units. ΜΑ ? Qc= Value Units Submit Request Answerarrow_forward
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