Concept explainers
1.
To draw: The Lewis structures of the given compounds.
Interpretation: The Lewis structures of the given compounds are to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
The rules to draw Lewis structure are given as,
- Determine the electronegativity and the number of valence electrons contributed by each atom.
- Generally lowest electronegativity atom is the central atom.
- Write the skeleton structure of the molecule.
- Use two valence electrons to form each bond in skeleton structure between the central and outer atoms.
- Satisfy the octets of atoms by distributing remaining valence electrons as nonbonding electrons. It is usually best start with the outer atoms.
2.
To show: The kinds of orbitals that overlap to form each bond in the given compounds.
Interpretation: The kinds of orbitals that overlap to form each bond in the given compounds are to be shown.
Concept introduction: In the sigma bond formation hybridized orbitals overlap with other hybridized or unhybridized orbitals. In the formation of pi bonds only unhybridized orbitals are involved.
3.
To determine: The approximate bond angles in the given compounds.
Interpretation: The approximate bond angles in the given compounds are to be stated.
Concept introduction: All the carbon atoms with single bond formation always arranged in tetrahedral manner. In tetrahedral arrangement the bond angles between the atoms is always
The actual bond angles in “
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Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
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- Draw the Lewis structure for each organic compound from its condensed structural formula.a. C2H4 b. CH3NH2 c. HCHOd. CH3CH2OH e. HCOOHarrow_forwardDraw the Lewis structure for each compound.a. Cl2O7 (no Cl¬Cl bond)b. H3PO3 (two OH bonds)c. H3AsO4arrow_forwardWhich of the following molecules has/ have resonance structures? Select one or more: a.CH2=CH2 b.CH3–OH c.CH2=CH–O– d.CH3–O–CH3arrow_forward
- Consider the molecules — BrF5. A. Draw the best Lewis structure for this molecule. Label any atoms with nonzero formal charge. B. Label each bond angle. As part of your answer be sure to include if it is more or less than the ideal bond angle. C. What is the electron geometry around the bromine atom? D. Are the bonds in the molecule polar? E. Is the overall molecule polar? — CH2 F2 . A. Draw the best Lewis structure for this molecule. B. Label each bond angle. Answers for A-D here: C. Redraw the shape of the molecule. Draw all dipoles. D. Is the overall molecule polar? — Consider the molecule CH2 CF2 . A. Draw the best Lewis structure for this molecule. B. Label each bond angle. C. Redraw the shape of the molecule (according to the exacting specifications of your instructor). Draw all dipoles. D. Is the overall molecule polar?arrow_forward3. Write the Lewis dot (electron dot) symbol for each covalent molecule. Remember the number of unpaired electrons in the Lewis dot symbol of the atom determines the number of bonds each atom makes. If your molecule has unpaired electrons you are not done. If your molecule has the wrong number of bonds for some atoms it is wrong. Try a different arrangement of atoms. Working left to right will help you. Show loan pairs. a. CH3CH₂OH b. CHCl, Br C. CH3NH₂ d. CHỊCH,CH,CH,CH3 e. CH3SCH 3 4. Write the Lewis dot (electron dot) symbol for each covalent molecule. Remember the number of unpaired electrons in the Lewis dot symbol of the atom determines the number of bonds each atom makes. If your molecule has unpaired electrons you are not done. If your molecule has the wrong number of bonds for some atoms it is wrong. Try a different arrangement of atoms. Working left to right will help you. Show loan pairs. a. HCN b. CH3COOH c. H₂CCONHCH3 d. HCCH e. C6H12arrow_forward4. Multiple structures with the same chemical formula (number and type of each element present) but differing in the atom connectivity are called structural isomers. Use the skeletal structure below to draw a structural isomer of what you have already drawn in Table 4. H O H 0 CN H a. Label the central atoms like you did in Table 4 and name the geometries of each of them.arrow_forward
- Fill in the table. Central atom is listed first. A. Write the number of valence electrons below the formulaB. Draw the Lewis structureC & D. Write the Electron Group Geometry and Molecular Shape NamesE. Write the bond angleF. Write the molecular polarity. "P" for polar and "NP" for nonpolar. SpeciesValenceElectrons(1 pt.) LewisStructure(2 pt.) Electron PairGeometryName(1 pt.) Molecular ShapeName (1 pts.) BondAngle (1 pt.) Molecular Polarity(1 pt.) PO43- NOBr Uploadarrow_forward1. What is the relationship between the following compounds? H :0: H H:0: H H-C=C-C-C-C-H H-C-C-C=Ċ-H H HH H. H-C-H B. constitutional isomers C. the same structure A. isotopes D. composed of different elements E. no relationship 2. What is the correct Lewis structure for HN3, including the formal charges? CIHarrow_forwardChange ethane into 1,2-ethanediol (HOCH2CH2OH) by removing one hydrogen atom from each carbon atom and replacing with a hydroxide (-OH) group. Build a model of the 1,2-ethanediol molecule. A. Identify the electron-pair and molecular geometry around each carbon and oxygen atom. B. What are the bond angles for H-C-H? For H-C-C? For C-C-O? For C-O-H? C. Draw two different structures of the molecule in which the –OH groups on the two carbon atoms have different orientations with respect to each other.arrow_forward
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