Atovaquone is an antifungal used to treat fungal pneumonia. It is a structural analog of coenzyme Q and competes with coenzyme Q for binding. Which complex in the electron-transport chain does not involve coenzyme Q, and therefore, would not be directly impacted by atovaquone? Complex IV Complex II Complex III O Complex I
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- What are the inhibitors of complex 1,2,3,4, and 5 of electron transport chain? Write their nameA newly identified bacterium is unable to synthesize ubiquinone. A mobile electron carrier called CXC3 is used as a substitute. From the information provided in the table, calculate the delta G knot prime and the Keq value at 298 K for the redox reaction that occurs in this bacterium’s electron transport chain. Explain the impact that using CXC 3 instead of ubiquinol will have on ATP production in the cell. How might this cell adapt to this situation?The photosynthetic process used by the green sulfur bacteria, under anaerobic conditions, is best represented by which of the following balanced equations? cell bio 6CO2 + 12H2S C6H12O6 + 6S2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22O11 + H2O 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O 6CO2 + 12H2O
- The image below shows ubiquinone. Shaded in yellow is the isoprenoid side chain, which remains unchanged during the electron transport chain. Despite this, what function does it serve? CH3 (CH₂-CH=C-CH₂) 10-H H3CO H3CO I DOO CH3 -- Select one: a. It is hydrophobic, allowing the molecule to be lipid-soluble so that it can diffuse through the membrane between complexe. b. It is hydrophilic, allowing the molecule to be water-soluble and diffuse in the intermembrane space between complexes C. It is hydrophobic, allowing successive molecules to cluster together at complex I d. It is hydrophilic, allowing optimal interaction in the matrix with NADH at complex I Report question issue Notes + 14:27 - CODraw the structures of the activated carbon groups bound to thiamine pyrophosphate in three enzymes that contain this coenzyme. Hint: Keto–enol tautomerism may enter into the picture.Four electron carriers, a, b, c, and d, whose reduced and oxidized forms can be distinguished spectrophotometrically, are required for respiration in a bacterial electron-transport system. In the presence of substrates and oxygen, three different inhibitors block respira- tion, yielding the patterns of oxidation states shown below. What is the order of the carriers in the chain from substrates to O2, and where do the three inhibitors act? Carriers Inhibitor a b P 1 R 2 R R R 3 R R O and R indicate fully oxidized and fully reduced, respectively.
- In the presence of oxygen, the mitochondrion in yeast is used for aerobic respiration,however, under anaerobic conditions,the yeast mitochondria have been found to have other function. Identify and briefly discuss four of these functionsChoose the ultimate electron acceptor during oxidative phosphorylationThe electron-transport chain consists of a number of multi protein complexes, which work in conjunction to pass electrons from an electron carrier, such as NADH, to O2. What is the role of these complexes in ATP synthesis? It has been demonstrated that respiration supercomplexes contain all the protein components necessary for respiration. Why is this beneficial for ATP synthesis, and what is one way that the existence of super complexes has been demonstrated experimentally? Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is not a protein, but a small, hydrophobic molecule. Why is it important for the functioning of the electron transport chain that CoQ is a hydrophobic molecule?
- Why are there reversible steps in the glycolytic pathway? Explain why they all be could not be irreversible?Provide the reaction equations that illustrate the synthesis of ROS from electrons leaking from electron transport complexesCarbon monoxide is considered toxic because it acts on Complex IV. How would the addition of carbon monoxide to actively respiring mitochondria affect the relative oxidation-reduction states of all components of the electron-transport chain? Complexes I and I would be reduced, but complexes II and IV would be oxidized because the electrons come from FADH2 oxidation, not NADH. O All four complexes would remain oxidized because they function as a multisystem complex. O Complexes I, II, and I would be reduced and Complex IV would be oxidized. All four complexes would remain reduced because they function as a multisystem complex Complexes I, II, and ill would be oxidized but Complex IV would remain reduced.