Modern Physics
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781111794378
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 10P
(a)
To determine
The counts per area at each angle and correct these values for the angle independent background.
(b)
To determine
Show that the corrected counts per unit area are proportional to
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Alpha particles of kinetic energy 6.9M V are incident at a rate of 3.1x 10" per second
on a copper foil of thickness 3.1 x 10-m. A circular detector of diameter 1.0cm is placed 13cm
from the foil at an angle of 30° with the direction of the incident alpha particles. At what rate
does the detector measure scattered alpha particles? (The molar mass of copper is 63.5 and
its density is 8.9em-)
Q# 4 (a) A beam of 8.3 MeV alpha particles is directed at an aluminum foil. It is found that the
Rutherford scattering formula ceases to be obeyed at scattering angles exceeding about 60°. If the
alpha-particle radius is assumed small enough to neglect here, find the radius of the aluminum
nucleus.
Alpha particles are projected toward a gold foil from a distance that is sufficiently large to consider the Coulomb force negligible. The gold nuclei have 118 neutrons and 79 protons. If a 3.60 MeV alpha particle has a scattering angle of 180° and the gold nucleus does not recoil, determine the distance of closest approach of the alpha particle.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Modern Physics
Ch. 4.2 - Exercise 1 Find the horizontal speed vx for this...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 3ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 4ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 5ECh. 4 - Prob. 1QCh. 4 - Prob. 2QCh. 4 - Prob. 3QCh. 4 - Prob. 4QCh. 4 - Prob. 5Q
Ch. 4 - Prob. 6QCh. 4 - Prob. 7QCh. 4 - Prob. 8QCh. 4 - Prob. 9QCh. 4 - Prob. 10QCh. 4 - Prob. 11QCh. 4 - Prob. 1PCh. 4 - Prob. 2PCh. 4 - A mystery particle enters the region between the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4PCh. 4 - A Thomson-type experiment with relativistic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6PCh. 4 - Prob. 8PCh. 4 - Prob. 9PCh. 4 - Prob. 10PCh. 4 - Prob. 11PCh. 4 - Prob. 12PCh. 4 - Prob. 13PCh. 4 - Prob. 14PCh. 4 - Prob. 15PCh. 4 - Prob. 16PCh. 4 - Prob. 17PCh. 4 - Prob. 18PCh. 4 - Prob. 19PCh. 4 - Prob. 20PCh. 4 - Prob. 21PCh. 4 - Prob. 22PCh. 4 - Prob. 23PCh. 4 - Prob. 24PCh. 4 - Prob. 25PCh. 4 - Prob. 26PCh. 4 - Prob. 27PCh. 4 - Prob. 28PCh. 4 - Prob. 29PCh. 4 - Prob. 30PCh. 4 - Prob. 31PCh. 4 - Prob. 32PCh. 4 - Prob. 33PCh. 4 - Prob. 34PCh. 4 - Prob. 35PCh. 4 - Prob. 36PCh. 4 - Prob. 37PCh. 4 - Prob. 38PCh. 4 - Prob. 39PCh. 4 - Prob. 40PCh. 4 - Prob. 41PCh. 4 - Prob. 42PCh. 4 - Prob. 43PCh. 4 - Prob. 44P
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- In an experiment, it was observed that a backward scattered ( an angle greater or equal to 90 degrees) alpha particles formed a beam that was energetic and was directed at a piece of gold foil as thin as 6.0 * 10^-7m. Assuming that an alpha particle scatters from the foil, what is the maximum scattering angle?arrow_forwardWhen an alpha particle collides elastically with a nucleus, the nucleus recoils. Suppose a 6.00 MeV alpha particle has a head-on elastic collision with a silver-108 nucleus that is initially at rest. (a) What is the kinetic energy of the recoiling nucleus? MeV (b) What is the kinetic energy of the rebounding alpha particle? MeVarrow_forwardIn a scattering experiment, you concentrate on Alpha particles with impact parameters b=0, 1×10^-3, and 1×10^0 mm. For which b will the behavior of the Alpha particle be very different in Thomson's and Rutherford's models and for which will it be nearly similar?arrow_forward
- 2.00 mol of the helium is confined to a 2.00-L container at a pressure of 11.0 atm. The atomic mass of helium is 4.00 u, and the conversion between u and kg is 1 u = 1.661 ××10−27 kg. 1)Calculate vrms. (Express your answer to three significant figures.)arrow_forwardWhile reproducing the Rutherford scattering experiment in an advanced laboratory class, a student uses a gold foil with thickness 28.8 nm. The radioactive source emits α particles at 7.70 MeV, and the detector is placed at 12.5 cm from the target foil. What fraction of the α particles is detected per unit area at an angle of 40.6°? What fraction of the α particles will scatter to the angle given above or higher?arrow_forwardAlpha particles are scattered from a thin aluminum foil. At what alpha-particle kinetic energy would you expect the Rutherford formula to fail because the alpha particle enters the aluminum nucleus? Assume r = 1.9 fm for the alpha particle and 3.6 fm for the aluminum nucleus.arrow_forward
- An alpha particle is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 35 MV. What is the kinetic energy of the alpha particle, in MeV? Answer:arrow_forwardPlease don't provide handwritten solution .... A sample of oxygen gas is irradiated with MgKα1α2 radiation of 0.99 nm (1253.6 eV). A strong emission of electrons with velocities of 1.57* 10^7 ms^−1 is found. What is the binding energy of these electrons?arrow_forward(b) Explain the difference between a MASER and a LASER. Who was the inventor of MASER? Explain both phenomenon in detail. Q# 4 (a) A beam of 8.3 MeV alpha particles is directed at an aluminum foil. It is found that the Rutherford scattering formula ceases to be obeyed at scattering angles exceeding about 60°. If the alpha-particle radius is assumed small enough to neglect here, find the radius of the aluminum nucleus. (b) Classical Mechanics is an approximation of Quantum Mechanics. Discuss in detail. Q# 5 (a) Derive steady state form of Schrodinger wave equations. Explain eigen values and eigenarrow_forward
- 3. a) Alpha particles of the same initial speed are shot at the same intensity toward gold, silver, and aluminum foils of the same thickness. They are observed at a detector at a fixed scattering angle, 0 0°. What would the ratios of the number of alpha particles scattered by the gold and silver foils to the aluminum foil, No Au 13). NaAl and respectively, be? (ZAu = 79, ZAg = 47, ZAI Na Ag NaAl b) Compare the number of a particles of fixed kinetic energy scattered through an angle of 10° (call this Na(10°)) with the number scattered through an angle of 20° (Na (20°)) for Rutherford scattering by a thin gold foil of fixed thickness. Compute Na (10⁰) Na (20°). p2 Rutherford's scattering model assumes that the alpha particles experience a Coulomb repulsion, F = KqZe from the nucleus of the foil's atom. If, in a head-on collision the alpha particle has enough energy to get inside a uniformly charged Kqa Zer nucleus of radius R, the force law would change to F = R³ " point-nucleus…arrow_forwardGamma-ray detectors like the one described in the preceding problem often use calorimetry to determine gamma-ray energies. Suppose a beam of 100-MeV gamma rays strikes a target with a mass of 2.5 kg and specifi c heat 430 J/(kg # K). How many gamma rays are needed to raise the target’s temperature by 10 mK?arrow_forwardAlpha particles of energy 8.4 MeV are incident on a silver foil of thickness 6.5 x 10-6 m. For a certain value of the impact parameter, the alpha particles lose exactly half their incident kinetic energy when they reach their minimum separation from the nucleus. Find the minimum separation, the impact parameter, and the scattering angle.arrow_forward
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