Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781133939146
Author: Katz, Debora M.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 35, Problem 80PQ
To determine
The wavelength of the laser's light.
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Consider a light wave passing through a slit and propagating
toward a distant screen. Figure P37.53 shows the intensity
variation for the pattern on the screen. Give a mathematical
argument that more than 90% of the transmitted energy is
in the central maximum of the diffraction pattern. Sugges-
tion: You are not expected to calculate the precise percent-
age, but explain the steps of your reasoning. You may use
the identification
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Figure P37.53
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35. Figure P36.35 shows a radio-wave transmitter and a receiver
separated by a distance d - 50.0 m and both a distance
A - 35.0 m above the ground. The receiver can receive sig-
nals both directly from the transmitter and indirectly from
signals that reflect from the ground. Assume the ground is
level between the transmitter and receiver and a 180° phase
shift occurs upon reflection. Determine the longest wave-
lengths that interfere (a) constructively and (b) destructively.
Transmitter
Recriver
Figure P36.35 Problems 35 and 36.
Often in optics scientists take advantage of effects that require very high intensity light. To get the desired effect a scientist uses a laser with power P = 0.0015 W to reach an intensity of I = 350 W/cm2 by focusing it through a lens of focal length f = 0.15 m. The beam has a radius of r = 0.0011 m when it enters the lens.Randomized VariablesP = 0.0015 WI = 350 W/cm2f = 0.15 mr = 0.0011 m
Part (a) Express the radius of the beam, rp, at the point where it reaches the desired intensity in terms of the given quantities. (In other words, what radius does the beam have to have after passing through the lens in order to have the desired intensity?)
Part (b) Give an expression for the tangent of the angle that the edge of the beam exits the lens with with respect to the normal to the lens surface, in terms of r and f? Part (c) Express the distance, D, between the lens's focal point and the illuminated object using tan(α) and rp. Part (d) Find the distance, D, in centimeters.
Chapter 35 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
Ch. 35.1 - Perhaps Newton never observed a diffraction...Ch. 35.1 - Prob. 35.2CECh. 35.2 - Prob. 35.3CECh. 35.3 - Prob. 35.4CECh. 35.4 - When we studied Youngs double-slit experiment, we...Ch. 35.6 - Prob. 35.6CECh. 35 - Light Is a Wave C As shown in Figure P35.1, spray...Ch. 35 - Sound Wave Interference Revisited Draw two...Ch. 35 - Prob. 3PQCh. 35 - You are seated on a couch equidistant between two...
Ch. 35 - Prob. 5PQCh. 35 - Prob. 6PQCh. 35 - A student shines a red laser pointer with a...Ch. 35 - Monochromatic light is incident on a pair of slits...Ch. 35 - Prob. 9PQCh. 35 - In a Youngs double-slit experiment with microwaves...Ch. 35 - A beam from a helium-neon laser with wavelength...Ch. 35 - Prob. 12PQCh. 35 - Prob. 13PQCh. 35 - Prob. 14PQCh. 35 - Light from a sodium vapor lamp ( = 589 nm) forms...Ch. 35 - Prob. 16PQCh. 35 - Prob. 17PQCh. 35 - Prob. 18PQCh. 35 - Prob. 19PQCh. 35 - Prob. 20PQCh. 35 - Prob. 21PQCh. 35 - Prob. 22PQCh. 35 - Prob. 23PQCh. 35 - Figure P35.24 shows the diffraction patterns...Ch. 35 - Prob. 25PQCh. 35 - Prob. 26PQCh. 35 - A thread must have a uniform thickness of 0.525...Ch. 35 - Prob. 28PQCh. 35 - Prob. 29PQCh. 35 - A radio wave of wavelength 21.5 cm passes through...Ch. 35 - Prob. 31PQCh. 35 - Prob. 32PQCh. 35 - A single slit is illuminated by light consisting...Ch. 35 - Prob. 34PQCh. 35 - Prob. 35PQCh. 35 - Prob. 36PQCh. 35 - Prob. 37PQCh. 35 - Prob. 38PQCh. 35 - Prob. 39PQCh. 35 - Prob. 40PQCh. 35 - Prob. 41PQCh. 35 - Prob. 42PQCh. 35 - Prob. 43PQCh. 35 - Prob. 44PQCh. 35 - Prob. 45PQCh. 35 - Prob. 46PQCh. 35 - Prob. 47PQCh. 35 - Prob. 48PQCh. 35 - Figure P35.49 shows the intensity of the...Ch. 35 - Prob. 50PQCh. 35 - Prob. 51PQCh. 35 - Prob. 52PQCh. 35 - Light of wavelength 750.0 nm passes through a...Ch. 35 - Prob. 54PQCh. 35 - Prob. 55PQCh. 35 - Prob. 56PQCh. 35 - Light of wavelength 515 nm is incident on two...Ch. 35 - Light of wavelength 515 nm is incident on two...Ch. 35 - A Two slits are separated by distance d and each...Ch. 35 - Prob. 60PQCh. 35 - Prob. 61PQCh. 35 - If you spray paint through two slits, what pattern...Ch. 35 - Prob. 63PQCh. 35 - Prob. 64PQCh. 35 - Prob. 65PQCh. 35 - Prob. 66PQCh. 35 - Prob. 67PQCh. 35 - Prob. 68PQCh. 35 - Prob. 69PQCh. 35 - Prob. 70PQCh. 35 - Prob. 71PQCh. 35 - Prob. 72PQCh. 35 - Prob. 73PQCh. 35 - Prob. 74PQCh. 35 - Prob. 75PQCh. 35 - Prob. 76PQCh. 35 - Prob. 77PQCh. 35 - Another way to construct a double-slit experiment...Ch. 35 - Prob. 79PQCh. 35 - Prob. 80PQCh. 35 - Table P35.80 presents data gathered by students...Ch. 35 - Prob. 82PQCh. 35 - Prob. 83PQCh. 35 - Prob. 84PQCh. 35 - Prob. 85PQCh. 35 - Prob. 86PQCh. 35 - Prob. 87PQCh. 35 - Prob. 88PQCh. 35 - A One of the slits in a Youngs double-slit...Ch. 35 - Prob. 90PQ
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- Table P35.80 presents data gathered by students performing a double-slit experiment. The distance between the slits is 0.0700 mm, and the distance to the screen is 2.50 m. The intensity of the central maximum is 6.50 106 W/m2. What is the intensity at y = 0.500 cm? TABLE P35.80arrow_forward= 35. Figure P36.35 shows a radio-wave transmitter and a receiver separated by a distance d 50.0 m and both a distance h = 35.0 m above the ground. The receiver can receive sig- nals both directly from the transmitter and indirectly from signals that reflect from the ground. Assume the ground is level between the transmitter and receiver and a 180° phase shift occurs upon reflection. Determine the longest wave- lengths that interfere (a) constructively and (b) destructively. h Transmitter d Receiver Figure P36.35 Problems 35 and 36.arrow_forwardOften in optics scientists take advantage of effects that require very high intensity light. To get the desired effect a scientist uses a laser with power P = 0.0065 W to reach an intensity of I = 170 W/cm2 by focusing it through a lens of focal length f = 0.11 m. The beam has a radius of r = 0.0011m when it enters the lens. Randomized VariablesP = 0.0065 WI = 170 W/cm2f = 0.11 mr = 0.0011 Part (a) Express the radius of the beam, rp, at the point where it reaches the desired intensity in terms of the given quantities. (In other words, what radius does the beam have to have after passing through the lens in order to have the desired intensity?) Part (b) Give an expression for the tangent of the angle that the edge of the beam exits the lens with with respect to the normal to the lens surface, in terms of r and f? Part (c) Express the distance, D, between the lens's focal point and the illuminated object using tan(α) and rp. Part (d) Find the distance, D, in centimeters.…arrow_forward
- Astronomers observe a 60.0 MHz radio source both directly and by reflection from the sea as shown in Figure P37.7. If the receiving dish is 20.0 m above sea level, what is the angle of the radio source above the horizon at the first maximum?arrow_forwardA telescope can be used to enlarge the diameter of a laser beam and limit diffraction spreading. The laser beam is sent through the eyepiece and out the objective, and can then be projected onto a satellite or the Moon. a. If this is done with the Mount Wilson telescope, producing a 2.1 m diameter beam of 690 nm light, what is the minimum angular spread, in radians, of the beam? b. Neglecting atmospheric effects, what is the diameter of the spot this beam would make on the Moon, assuming a lunar distance of 3.84×108 m?arrow_forward4. a. Determine the size of the Airy disk (in m) found at the center of a 4.00-cm diameter lens, with a focal length of 15.0 cm. Assume the incident light wavelength is the middle of the visible spectrum = 550. nm. b. In observational astronomy, we assume that stars, being so far away, are point sources of light, and that the image of a star in a telescope eyepiece is therefore also a point. Given that the average human near-field resolution is 0.10 mm, does your result in part a justify this assumption? Explain your answer, using the value from part a. c. Assume that the objective lens diffraction limit is the only one that matters on a telescope (actually a good assumption, not justified here). What is the angular size (in radians) of the smallest object that can be truly observed as a disk on the 4.00-cm telescope in part a? Can Jupiter (maximum angular size = 51 arc-seconds) be seen as a disk through this telescope? Note that real telescopes have glass or mirror imperfections which…arrow_forward
- In Figure P37.18, let L = 120 cm and d = 0.250 cm. The slits are illuminated with coherent 600-nm light. Calculate the distance y from the central maximum for which the average intensity on the screen is 75.0% of the maximum.arrow_forwardThe Michelson interferometer can be used to measure the index of refraction of a gas by placing an evacuated transparent tube in the light path along one arm of the device. Fringe shifts occur as the gas is slowly added to the tube. Assume 580-nm light is used, the tube is 5.40 cm long, and 152 fringe shifts occur as the pressure of the gas in the tube increases to atmospheric pressure. What is the index of refraction of the gas? Hint: The fringe shifts occur because the wavelength of the light changes inside the gas-filled tube. (Give your answer to five decimal places.) 4.0arrow_forwardThe Michelson interferometer can be used to measure the index of refraction of a gas by placing an evacuated transparent tube in the light path along one arm of the device. Fringe shifts occur as the gas is slowly added to the tube. Assume 600-nm light is used, the tube is 5.00 cm long, and 160 fringe shifts occur as the pressure of the gas in the tube increases to atmospheric pressure. What is the index of refraction of the gas?arrow_forward
- A thin coating is applied to a lens to protect against UV light. The coating strongly reflects light of wavelength 384 nm and strongly transmits light of wavelength 528 nm (i.e. visible light, near the middle of the visible spectrum.) The index of refraction of the coating material is 1.58 and the lens is made of a material with index 1.48. Find the smallest possible thickness for the coating.arrow_forwardNon-reflective coating is put on eyeglasses. Magnesium fluoride MgF2 is used. The refractive index of MgF2 is 1.38. Designed for light of wavelength 584 nm, the thinnest coating thickness needed is nm. Type your answer....arrow_forwardQ1/ A/ Consider a resonator consisting of two concave spherical mirrors both with radius of curvature 4 m and separated by a distance of 1 m. Calculate the minimum beam diameter of the TEMy mode at the resonator center and on the mirrors when the laser oscillation is Art laser wavelength 2=514.5 nm. Then, Find if this cavity is stable or not. B/ One of the mirrors in A is replaced by a concave mirror of 1.5m radius of curvature, calculate the position of minimum beam radius. Then calculate the beam waist and radius of curvature at 150 cm from M1.arrow_forward
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