Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 24, Problem 3E
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Explain the implications and applications of each postulate of Einstein from the special theory of relativity.
Which of the following is an INCORRECT description of a consequence of the General Theory of Relativity?
a. The elliptical path of Mercury’s orbit is fixed and does not gradually rotate near the Sun.
b. The gravitational field of a large cluster of galaxies magnifies the light from distant galaxies.
c. The actual position of a star changes when the path of its light bends due to a large mass.
d. Black holes have strong gravitational field that nothing, not even light, can escape.
Aristotle observed that stars seen in Egypt and Cyprus were not seen in the northerly regions. What is Aristotle’s conclusion for this?
a. The sky is a concave firmament enveloping the earth.
b. This is possible if the earth has a curved surface.
c. The firmament of heaven is curved as mentioned in the Bible.
d. The constellations deviate from their position due to rotation.
Which of the following is a key difference between Newton's Law of Gravity and Einstein's
equations of General Relativity?
Select one:
Newton's Law of gravity does not yield accurate results for smaller bodies such as Pluto, the asteroids, and
а.
comets.
O b. Einstein's General Relativity insists that gravity is a force, whereas Newton's Law of Gravity does not.
С.
Newton's Law of Gravity suggests that particles lacking mass (such as photons of light) will be unaffected by
gravitational fields.
O d. Einstein's General Relativity is only mathematical and theoretical in nature, and has not been supported by
observational evidence.
Chapter 24 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 24 - How does the equivalence principle lead us to...Ch. 24 - If general relativity offers the best description...Ch. 24 - Einstein’s general theory of relativity made or...Ch. 24 - If a black hole itself emits no radiation, what...Ch. 24 - What characteristics must a binary star have to be...Ch. 24 - A student becomes so excited by the whole idea of...Ch. 24 - What is an event horizon? Does our Sun have an...Ch. 24 - What is a gravitational wave and why was it so...Ch. 24 - What are some strong sources of gravitational...Ch. 24 - Suppose the amount of mass in a black hole...
Ch. 24 - Imagine that you have built a large room around...Ch. 24 - A monkey hanging from a tree branch sees a hunter...Ch. 24 - Why would we not expect to detect X-rays from a...Ch. 24 - Look elsewhere in this book for necessary data,...Ch. 24 - Which is likely to be more common in our Galaxy:...Ch. 24 - If the Sun could suddenly collapse to a black...Ch. 24 - Suppose the people in Figure 24.4 are in an...Ch. 24 - You arrange to meet a friend at 5:00 p.m. on...Ch. 24 - You are standing on a scale in an elevator when...Ch. 24 - Look up G, c, and the mass of the Sun in Appendix...Ch. 24 - Suppose you wanted to know the size of black holes...Ch. 24 - Use the result from Exercise 24.21 to calculate...Ch. 24 - Since the force of gravity a significant distance...
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- If astronauts could travel at v = 0.950c, we on Earth would say it takes (4.20/0.950) = 4.42 years to reach Alpha Centauri, 4.20 light-years away. The astronauts disagree. (a) How much time passes on the astronauts clocks? (b) What is the distance to Alpha Centauri as measured by the astronauts?arrow_forwardIf astronauts could travel at v = 0.950c, we on Earth would say it takes (4.20/0.950) = 4.42 years to reach Alpha Centauri, 4.20 light-years away. The astronauts disagree. (a) How much time passes on the astronauts clocks? (b) What is the distance to Alpha Centauri as measured by the astronauts?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are fundamental postulates of the special theory of relativity? More than one statement may be correct. (a) Light moves through a substance called the ether. (b) The speed of light depends on the inertial reference frame in which it is measured. (c) The laws of physics depend on the inertial reference frame in which they are used. (d) The laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference frames. (e) The speed of light is independent of the inertial reference frame in which it is measured.arrow_forward
- The Big Bang Theory is currently the most widely-accepted explanation for the origin of the Universe. As technology has emerged, new data has been collected to allow for a clearer understanding of how the Universe is changing and the possible things that might happen to it in the future. Which of the following is not a question that can be answered using scientific processes? o What was the cause of the Big Bang? o What is the type of energy emitted by celestial objects? o What is the rate at which the universe appears to be expanding? o What are the chemical elements that exist in the other parts of the galaxy?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is one of the postulates of Special Relativity? Time dilates and length contracts as an object approaches relativistic speeds. . Events that are simultaneous in one frame may not be simultaneous in another. . All laws of physics are of the same form in all inertial frames of reference. The speed of light in vacuum is constant and dependent on the speed of the source.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a CORRECT description of a consequence of the General Theory of Relativity? A. Black holes are regions of spacetime where light is emitted in the form of dark energy. B. Gravitational lensing enables us to see the beginning of the universe through redshifts. C. The elliptical path of Mercury is precessing about a certain degree in each century. D. Light is greatly bent by lighter objects than heavier objects due to its small circumference.arrow_forward
- The special theory of relativity has what effect on measurements done today? (a) None whatsoever, because any correction would be negligible. (b) We need to consider the effects of relativity when objects move close to the speed of light. (c) We should always make a correction for relativity because Newton’s laws are basically wrong. (d) It doesn’t matter, because we can’t make measurements where relativity would matter.arrow_forward1. Voyager rocket is traveling between Earth and Jupiter (distance 8.013x1010 m). If Voyager probe was thousand times faster and had a speed of v=17x106 m/s=0.057c calculate the Earth-Jupiter distance that instruments aboard measure. a. What is the time of Voyager's trip measured by instruments onboard? Write your answer in seconds rounded to a whole number (for example 1234 s). _______________ b. What is the time of the trip measured by NASA on Earth? 2. An asteroid is traveling from asteroid belt to Earth with a speed of 0.6 c. To save the Earth, group of brave men set an explosive device to explode in 138 minutes. When will the group of scientists that monitor asteroid on Earth see the explosion (if everything goes rightarrow_forwardThe principles on which special relativity are based include all the following EXCEPT Observers in two inertial frames agree on the speed of the other observer. An observer in an inertial reference frame cannot tell if they are in motion or not. The speed of light is the same in any frame of reference. Only the universal rest frame gives correct measurements. The laws describing observed motion are the same in any inertial reference frame.arrow_forward
- Which of Einstein’s postulates of special relativity includes a concept that does not fit with the ideas of classical physics?Explain.arrow_forward6. One of the potentially confusing things about special relativity is that it shows us that the time measured between two events depends upon your inertial frame of reference. In particular, two events that appear to be simultaneous in one inertial frame may be measured to occur at different times in a different inertial frame. Even more interesting is that Event 1 might occur either before or after (or at the same time as) Event 2, depending upon your reference frame! The proper interpretation of these facts is to say that nothing in physics forces two simultaneous events in one frame to be simultaneous in any other frame. However, what about the order of events when Event 1 CAUSES Event 2? For example, let's consider two events from a game of pool: 1) A cue ball, traveling at 10 m/s, hits the eight ball (of mass equal to the cue ball). An elastic collision transfers all the linear momentum of the cue ball to the eight ball. 2) 0.1 seconds later, the eight ball sinks in a corner…arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a CORRECT description of Einstein’s Geometric Theory of Relativity? A. This theory supported Isaac Newton’s description of gravity as a spontaneous force of attraction between two objects with mass. B. This theory implies that the gravitational force of attraction between two objects with mass does not come from gravity itself. C. This theory describes that space and time are eleven-dimensional where each dimension has distinct characteristics and features. D. This theory has two postulates similar to the Special Theory of Relativity that the laws of physics and speed of light are invariant.arrow_forward
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