Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 9.4, Problem 1CC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The expected fractions of light DNA and half-heavy DNA if the Meselson and Stahl experiment is conducted for four rounds of
Introduction:
Meselson and Stahl were able to demonstrate semi-conservative replication in E. coli by using isotopes of nitrogen to label the DNA and determining the relationship of original and new DNA strands by density differences of the new DNA.
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In the Meselson-Stahl experiment on DNA replication, what fraction of the DNA was composed of one light strand and one heavy strand ("hybrid") after one generation of growth in medium containing 14N? After two generations of growth in a medium containing 14N? What fraction of hybrid DNA is expected after n generations of growth in a medium containing 14N?
Consider the experiment conducted by Meselson and Stahl in which they used 14N and 15N in cultures of E. coli and equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. Draw pictures to represent the bands produced by bacterial DNA in the centrifuge tube before the switch to medium containing 14N and after one, two, and three rounds of replication in that medium. Use separate sets of drawings to show the bands that would appear if replication were (a) semiconservative; (b) conservative; (c) dispersive.
The chromosome of E. coli contains 4.6 million bp. How long will it take to replicate its DNA? Assuming that DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme involved and that it can actively proofread during DNA synthesis, how many base pair mistakes will be made in one round of DNA replication in a bacterial population containing 1000 bacteria?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 9.1 - Look ahead to Figure 17.10. How does bacterial...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 9.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 9.2 - A nucleotide composed of deoxyribose, phosphate,...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 9.2 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 9.3 - To determine the structure of DNA, Watson and...
Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 9.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 9.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 9.5 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 9.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.6 - A nucleosome is composed of 146 bp or 147 bp of...Ch. 9.6 - After they have replicated and become compacted in...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 1BCCh. 9.6 - Which of the following is the correct order for...Ch. 9 - What is/are the main component(s) of chromosomes?...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2TYCh. 9 - Prob. 3TYCh. 9 - Prob. 4TYCh. 9 - Of the following statements, which is correct when...Ch. 9 - Prob. 6TYCh. 9 - Prob. 7TYCh. 9 - Prob. 8TYCh. 9 - Prob. 9TYCh. 9 - The conversion of euchromatin into heterochromatin...Ch. 9 - What are the four criteria that the genetic...Ch. 9 - What are the key features of DNA that allow it to...Ch. 9 - PRINCIPLES A principle of bioloy is that structure...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 9 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- You decide to repeat the Meselson-Stahl experiment, except this time you plan to grow the E. coli cells on light 14N medium for many generations and then transfer them to heavy 15N medium and allow them to grow for 2 additional generations (2 rounds of DNA replication). If the conservative model of DNA replication was correct, what is the expected distribution of DNA in the density gradient after two rounds of replication? Multiple Choice One band of intermediate density. One band of light density. One band of heavy density. One band of light density and one band of heavy density. One band of light density and one band of intermediate density.arrow_forwardThe Meselson-Stahl experiment provided strong evidence that DNA replication was conservative, by alternately growing bacteria in medium with heavy 15N and light 14N. If DNA replication were dispersive, what result would Meselson and Stahl have observed after the first round of DNA replication in light nitrogen? Group of answer choices Two bands, one at the location for pure 15N and one at the location for pure 14N. One band, located half way between the locations for pure 15N and pure 14N. Two bands, one at the location for pure 15N and one located halfway between the locations for pure 15N and pure 14N. None of these Three bands, one at the location for pure 15N, one at the location for pure 14N, and one at a location halfway between.arrow_forwardApproximately how many high-energy bonds does DNA polymerase use to replicate a bacterial chromosome (ignoring helicase and other enzymes associated with the replication fork)? compared with its own dry weight of 10–12 g, how much glucose does a single bacterium need to provide enough energy to copy its DNA once?arrow_forward
- You decide to repeat the Meselson-Stahl experiment, except this time you plan to grow the E. coli cells on light 14N medium for many generations and then transfer them to heavy 15N medium and allow them to grow for 2 additional generations (2 rounds of DNA replication). If the conservative model of DNA replication was correct, what is the expected distribution of DNA in the density gradient after two rounds of replication?arrow_forwardBased on the electrophoresis experiment, 0.7% agarose gel concentration was used. If the gel concentration increased to 1%, what would happen to the DNA migration? Explain briefly.arrow_forwardUsing the same experimental setup as in the original Meselson and Stahl experiment, predict the bands (heavy, light or intermediate) that you would observe after one round of replication if DNA polymerase replicated the bacterial genome by the conservative model of replication. Draw and explain your prediction.arrow_forward
- Why were Meselson and Stahl unable to distinguish between the dispersive and the semiconservative models following only one round of DNA replication?arrow_forwardRefer to Figure, which presents the Meselson–Stahl experiment. DNA molecules can be denatured by high pH, as well as by heat. Suppose that the CsCl gradient centrifugations were run at pH 12, conditions under which DNA strands separate. Sketch the gradient profiles expected for each of the four samples depicted in the figure.arrow_forwardIn gel electrophoresis, are the DNA fragments attracted to, or repelled from the negative pole of the electric field? The positive pole? Why are these attractions and repulsions important to the process?arrow_forward
- Assuming DNA replicates semi-conservatively, which of these most closely approximates what you would see after one generation if you were to perform the Meselson-Stahl experiment? one band two bands three bandsarrow_forwardDuring agarose gel electrophoresis, why does DNA move through the gel when electric current is applied? because DNA is negatively charged because a charged chemical from the loading buffer is bound to the DNA because DNA is positively charged because DNA absorbs electricityarrow_forwardIf we are given this segment of DNA: TTGGHTGUTGG HHUUTHUGHUU Let’s suppose this DNA was treated with nitrous acid. The nitrous acid was then removed, and the DNA replicated for two generations. What would be the sequences of the DNA products after the DNA had replicated two times? (note Hypoxanthine pairs with cytosine) and so there would be four sets?arrow_forward
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