Chemistry
Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780078021527
Author: Julia Burdge
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 9, Problem 73AP
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration, bond order, and magnetic properties of P2 are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration of a molecule is the arrangement of electrons in the molecular orbitals of the molecule.

Two atomic orbitals combine to form a bonding molecular orbital and an antibonding molecular orbital. Orbitals that lie on internuclear axis combine to form σ

(sigma) molecular orbitals, and orbitals parallel to each other combine to form π

molecular orbitals.

The molecular orbitals formed by the combination of 1s

orbital are a bonding molecular orbital, designated by σ1s, and an antibonding molecular orbital, designated by σ1s. The 2s

orbital forms corresponding molecular orbitals.

The molecular orbitals formed by the combination of 2px

orbitals, are a bonding molecular orbital, designated by σ2px, and an antibonding molecular orbital, designated by σ2px.

The molecular orbitals formed by combining 2py and 2pz

orbitals are bonding molecular orbitals, designated by π2py

and π2pz, and antibonding molecular orbitals, designated by π2py

and π2pz.

Electrons are filled in the molecular orbitals in increasing order of energy.

Bond order is determined by subtracting the number of electrons in antibonding orbitals from the number of electrons in bonding orbitals, and dividing by two.

A molecule in which no unpaired electron is present is diamagnetic, whereas one in which all electrons are paired is paramagnetic.

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 73AP

Solution:

a) [ Ne2 ](σ3s)2(σ3s)2(π3py)2(π3pz)2(σ3px)2

b) 3

c) Diamagnetic

Explanation of Solution

a) The electronic configuration of P2

The electronic configuration of a phosphorus atom is 1s22s22p63s23p3. The electronic configuration of Ne is 1s22s22p6. Thus, the electronic configuration of phosphorus atom can be written as [ Ne ]3s23p3.

The electronic configuration of a nitrogen atom is 1s22s22p3

and that of a nitrogen molecule is as follows:

(σ1s)2(σ1s)2(σ2s)2(σ2s)2(π2py)2(π2pz)2(σ2px)2

Based on nitrogen molecule, and considering only the valence electrons, we can write the electronic configuration of P2

as follows:

[ Ne2 ](σ3s)2(σ3s)2(π3py)2(π3pz)2(σ3px)2

b) The bond order of P2

Bond order is determined by subtracting the number of electrons in antibonding orbitals from the number of electrons in bonding orbitals, and dividing by two.

In P2, after the configuration of Ne, there are eight electrons in bonding molecular orbital and two in antibonding orbital. Thus, the bond order is calculated as follows:

b.o=822=3

c) Magnetic properties of P2

The electronic configuration of P2

molecule shows that all electrons are paired. Thus, the molecule is diamagnetic.

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Chapter 9 Solutions

Chemistry

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