Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The bond order and magnetic properties of the given molecules are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Two atomic orbitals combine to form a bonding molecular orbital and an antibonding molecular orbital. Orbitals that lie on internuclear axis combine to form
(sigma) molecular orbitals, and orbitals parallel to each other combine to form
molecular orbitals.
The molecular orbitals formed by the combination of
orbitals are a bonding molecular orbital, designated by
orbital forms corresponding molecular orbitals.
The molecular orbitals formed by the combination of
orbitals area bonding molecular orbital, designated by
The molecular orbitals formed by combining
orbitals are bonding molecular orbitals, designated by
and
and
Electrons are filled in the molecular orbitals in increasing order of energy.
Bond order is determined by subtracting the number of electrons in antibonding orbitals from the number of electrons in bonding orbitals, and dividing by two.
Higher the bond order, more stable is the molecule.
A diamagnetic substance contains paired electrons whereas a paramagnetic substance contains unpaired electrons.
Answer to Problem 57QP
Solution:
Bond order of
is diamagnetic and
are paramagnetic.
Explanation of Solution
The electronic configuration of an oxygen atom is
is as follows:
Now, remove one electron from
to get the molecular orbital diagram for
Add one electron to
Add two electrons to
In
In
is calculated as follows:
In
In
is calculated as follows:
A molecule of
contains two unpaired electrons,
contains one unpaired electron,
contains one unpaired electron, and
contains no unpaired electron. Thus,
is diamagnetic and
are paramagnetic.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry
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