Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 6.2, Problem 2SB
Summary Introduction
To review:
The relationship between and the concentration of reactants and products at equilibrium point of a reaction.
Introduction:
The values represent the free energy of a system and are used to predict the spontaneity of a reaction. must attain a negative value in order for a reaction to take place. The equilibrium point of a reaction is a point where the
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For the following first-order liquid-phase reversible reaction, where initially only
reactant A is present:
k₁
AR,
k2
Equilibrium constant: K
1) Express the equilibrium conversion rate, Xe, using K, and demonstrate that Xe can
be determined using thermodynamic data.
2) Show how the rate constants kl and k2 can be determined experimentally.
What are the Determinants of Reaction Rates?
What is the net change in energy in the reaction shown (decrease, increase, or little change in energy) ? Is it spontaneous?
Chapter 6 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 6.1 - In thermodynamics, what is meant by an isolated...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 6.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 6.2 - Distinguish between exergonic and endergonic...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 6.3 - How are coupled reactions important to cell...Ch. 6.4 - How do enzymes increase the rates of the reaction...Ch. 6.4 - Can enzymes alter the G of a reaction?Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 1SB
Ch. 6.5 - What is the difference between competitive and...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 6.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 6 - The capacity to do work best defines: a metabolic...Ch. 6 - The assembly of proteins from amino acids is best...Ch. 6 - When two glucose molecules react to form maltose:...Ch. 6 - When glucose reacts with ATP to form...Ch. 6 - In the following graph: A represents the product....Ch. 6 - Which of the following methods is not used by...Ch. 6 - In an enzymatic reaction: a. the enzyme leaves the...Ch. 6 - Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 6 - Which of the following statements about inhibition...Ch. 6 - Which of the following statements is incorrect? a....Ch. 6 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 6 - Discuss Concepts Trace the flow of energy through...Ch. 6 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 6 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 6 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 6 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 6 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 6 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 6 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 6 - Prob. 3ITD
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- What do the following indicators tell you about whether a reaction can proceed as written? (a) The standard free-energy change is positive. (b) The free-energy change is positive. (c) The reaction is exergonicarrow_forwardThe following questions are based on the reaction A+ B ↔ C+D shown in Figure 8.1. 1. Which of the following terms best describes the progress of the reaction with respect to free energy change? a) endergonic, ∆G> 0 b) exergonic, ∆G> 0 c) exergonic, ∆G< 0 d) endergonic, ∆G< 0 2. Which of the following in Figure 8.1 remains unchanged by having an enzyme included? a) b b) d c) a d) c 3. The part labeled “C” on the above graph represents a) Energy of activation without enzyme b) Energy of activation with enzyme c) Amount of free energy released d) amount of energy required for the reaction progressarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true? (a) The largerthe Q, the larger the ΔG°. (b) If Q = 0, the system is at equilibrium.(c) If a reaction is spontaneous under standardconditions, it is spontaneous under all conditions. (d) Thefree-energy change for a reaction is independent of temperature.(e) If Q > 1, ΔG > ΔG°.arrow_forward
- For a particular reaction, AH° = −16.1 kJ/mol and AS° = −21.8 J/(mol·K). Assuming these values change very little with temperature, at what temperature does the reaction change from nonspontaneous to spontaneous in the forward direction? OT= Is the reaction in the forward direction spontaneous at temperatures greater than or less than the calculated temperature? less than greater than Karrow_forwardIn the partial reactions shown below, is the reactant undergoing oxidation or reduction?arrow_forwardDetermine whether or not reaction is a redox reaction. For each redox reaction, identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent. HBr(aq) + KOH(aq)--------> H2O(l) + KBr(aq)arrow_forward
- How does the rate of the forward reaction compare to the rate of the reverse reaction for an endergonic reaction? For an exergonic reaction? Explain.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following statements is completely TRUE? O When AG > 0, the reaction is BOTH product-favored (spontaneous) AND endergonic. When AG 0, the reaction is BOTH reactant-favored (nonspontaneous) AND endergonic. When AG > 0, the reaction is BOTH product-favored (spontaneous) AND exergonic. When AG > 0, the reaction is BOTH reactant-favored (nonspontaneous) AND exergonic. When AG < 0, the reaction is BOTH reactant-favored (nonspontaneous) AND exergonic.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is FALSE regarding all reactions of the type A <=> B at equilibrium? a) net velocity (V) = 0 b) V of forward reaction = V of reverse reaction c) kf = kr d) ∆Gactual = 0arrow_forward
- When the following equation of a redox reaction in acidic solution is properly balanced, what are the coefficients for Cr2O72–, Fe2+ H+, Cr3+, Fe3+, and H2O, respectively? __Cr2O72– + __Fe2+ + __H+ --> __Cr3+ + __Fe3+ + __H2O (A) 1, 3, 14, 2, 3, 7; (B) 1, 6, 14, 2, 6, 7; (C) 2, 10, 14, 2, 10, 7; (D) 2, 12, 28, 4, 12, 14arrow_forwardConsider the multistep reaction below. What is the balanced chemical equation of the overall reaction? A) 2 A + B + C → C + D + 2E B) 2 A + B → 2 E k1 2A + B C + D (slow) C) 2 A + B → 2 E + D k2 C 2E (fast) D) 2 A + B – D E) 2 A + B + C → D + 2 Earrow_forwardReaction 1 has a DG° of-12.3 kJ/mol, and Reaction 2 has a DG° of 23.4 kJ/mol. Which statement is TRUE of these two reactions? a) Reaction 2 occurs faster O b) It is impossible to know which reaction occurs faster with this information. Oc) Both reactions occur at the same rate. d) Reaction 2 will not occur spontaneously. e) Reaction 1 occurs faster. МacBoс 80 esc F5 F1 F2 F3 F4arrow_forward
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