Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 6.2, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
An experiment that shows the role of carbohydrates in cell recognition and cell adhesion.
Introduction:
The carbohydrates are associated with the lipids or proteins in the cell membrane. In glycolipids, the carbohydrates are bonded to the lipids covalently. In glycoprotein and proteoglycans, the carbohydrates are bonded to the protein molecules covalently.
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An artificial cell consisting of an aqueous solution enclosed in a selectively permeable membrane (but with no cell wall) is immersed in a beaker containing an aqueous solution. The outside environment concentration consists of 0.01 M glucose and the inside of the cell has a concentration of 5.0 M glucose. The plasma membrane is permeable to water and monosaccharides, but impermeable to the disaccharides. Complete the following for the image below:
Is the glucose going down or against its concentration gradient? Is the movement of the solute in the cell going out of the cell?
Down...Yes
Down...No
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- Consider the artificial cell experiment below: Lactose 2.0 M Ca+ = 0.4 M The ion channels in the membrane will allow Ca+ to pass freely, but nothing else. The starting conditions for the experiment are shown. Rewrite the following statement to make it correct: "The calcium ions will move across the membrane because ion channels allow active transport." Lactose = 0.1 M Ca+ = 3.0 M Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt ✓ Paragraph :arrow_forwardAn artificial cell consisting of an aqueous solution enclosed in a selectively permeable membrane (but with no cell wall) is immersed in a beaker containing an aqueous solution. The outside environment concentration consists of 0.01 M glucose and the inside of the cell has a concentration of 5.0 M glucose. The plasma membrane is permeable to water and monosaccharides, but impermeable to the disaccharides. Complete the following for the image below: Is the solution inside the cell isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic? Is the glucose going down or against its concentration gradient? Draw solid arrow to indicate the movement of the solute into or out of the cell. Draw a dashed arrow to show the movement of water. Will the artificial cell become lyse, shrivel, or stay the same?arrow_forwardBriefly describe the experiment carried out to demonstrate that proteins are capable of lateral movement in cell membranes.arrow_forward
- Explain why the structure of the plasma membrane is considered to be a fluid-mosaic model. Also explain how the type of phospholipid will effect the membrane fluidity. Be detailed in your response. Include a minimum of one citation. Follow APA format guidelines for both in-text citations and full citationarrow_forwardWrite two examples of glycosaminoglycans, and explain the roles that are not dependent on anchorage in the plasma membrane.arrow_forwardCertain cellular components appear to move bidirectionally on microtubules. Describe how this is possible given that microtubule orientation is fixed by the MTOC.arrow_forward
- Consider a polymeric membrane within a 6 cm diameter stirred ultrafiltration cell. The mem- brane is 30 μm thick. The membrane has pores equivalent in size to a spherical molecule with a molecular weight of 100,000, a porosity of 80%, and a tortuosity of 2.5. On the feed side of the membrane, we have a solution containing a protein at a concentration of 8 g L−1 with these properties: a = 3 nm and DAB = 6.0 × 10−7 cm2 s−1. The solution viscosity is 1 cP. The hydrody- namic pressure on the protein side of the membrane is 20 pounds per square inch (psi) higher than on the filtrate side of the membrane. Determine the convective flow rate of the solution across the membrane and the rate at which the protein crosses the membrane. The solution on the feed side of the membrane is being stirred at 900 RPM.arrow_forwardUsing the experimental results, describe the pathway that secretary proteins take from their synthesis to their release from the cell.arrow_forwardProteins may be bound to the exoplasmic or cytosolic face of the plasma membrane by way of covalently attached lip- ids. What are the three types of lipid anchors responsible for tethering proteins to the plasma membrane bilayer? Which type is used by cell surface proteins that face the external medium? By glycosylated proteoglycans?arrow_forward
- Dynamic instability is the phenomenon by which microtubules undergo rapid growth and disassembly. Which of the following is true? The GTP cap provides stability to the microtubule Taxol is responsible for the depolarization of protofilaments. GTP hydrolysis is responsible for the continued growth of a protofilament. Beta-tubulin is responsible for ensuring that GTP is not hydrolyzed to GDP.arrow_forwardProtein transfer to a membrane from a developed electrophoretic gel can be performed under which of the following conditions?arrow_forwardProtein structure and function: a) Name two common post-translational modifications of proteins in the cell that will affect their structure/function. b) What are prions? Briefly describe their structure and function. C) Explain the principles of protein folding and significance of urea and Bmercaptoethanol in the experimental procedures addressing this question.arrow_forward
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