Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 48.4, Problem 1SB
Summary Introduction
To review:
The roles of RAAS and ADH system in regulating mammalian kidney functions.
Introduction:
The kidney is a specialized excretory organ. The function of the kidney is regulated by two mechanisms. It is either autoregulated entirely within the kidney or regulated by the hormonal control system. The two types of hormonal control system present in the kidney are: the RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system) and the ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone system).
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Explain how antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) controls excretion of water in mammalian kidneys.
Explain how the cycling of sodium chloride between the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle in the mammalian kidney, and special permeability of these tubules, produces high osmotic concentrations in interstitial fluids in the kidney medulla. Explain the role of urea in producing high osmotic concentrations in the intersti-tial fluid of the medulla.
How does ANP control kidney function?
Please include all outlined factors in explanation
Chapter 48 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 48.1 - Define the terms osmosis, osmolarity, hypoosmotic,...Ch. 48.2 - How are protonephridia, metanephridia, and...Ch. 48.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 48.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.5 - Reptiles and birds excrete nitrogenous wastes in...Ch. 48.6 - Distinguish between ectothermy and endothermy....Ch. 48.7 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.7 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 48.8 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48 - Which of the following statements about...Ch. 48 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 48 - Which of the following correctly describes a part...Ch. 48 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 48 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 48 - Discuss Concepts As a person ages, nephron tubules...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 48 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 48 - Prob. 3ITD
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- Which of the following is an effect of ADH interaction with the vasopressin receptor? Answers A - D A Increased expression of Na+/K+-ATPase on the basolateral membrane of the distal segments Increased expression of ENAC on the apical membrane of the distal segments Increased expression of aquaporin 2 on the apical membrane of collecting duct cells Increased expression of aquaporin 3 on the basolateral membrane of collecting duct cellsarrow_forwardDescribe the four functional regions of the mammalian kidney.arrow_forwardWhat hormones are important to osmoregulation in the vertebrate kidney? Where is each hormone produced? What is the target of each hormone, what is the response of the target? How is the hormone regulated?arrow_forward
- Explain the Mechanism of action of RAAS in response to fall in NaClarrow_forwardDefine nitrogenous wastes, and list the main types produced in animals.What are some advantages and disadvantages of excreting differenttypes of nitrogenous wastes?arrow_forwardThe Na+-glucose transporters SGLT2 and SGLT1 are located at different levels of the kidney proximal tubule to minimize spillover of the glucose into the urine (See diagram attached) a) Consider the Na+-glucose coupling ratios for SGLT2 and SGLT1. Why would localization of SGLT2 in the early proximal tubule and SGLT1 in the late proximal tubule be advantageous? b) The Michaelis constant (Km) for the SGLT2 and SGLT1 transporters are 2 mM and 0.5 mM, respectively. Is SGLT2 or SGLT1 the higher affinity Na+-glucose transporter? d) Dapagliflozin is an SGLT1 inhibitor and commonly prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes. Why would this be of benefit to a diabetes patient?arrow_forward
- Briefly explain how cAMP increase permeability to water in the epthelial cell of renal tubules?arrow_forwardexplain the fluid regulation process in animals.arrow_forward2+ Inhibition of this activity leads to the increased uptake of Ca by the distal tubule in the kidney? Answers A - E A Sodium-potassium ATPase (Na+/K+-ATPase) B Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKC) C Mineralocorticoid receptor D Vasopressin receptor E Sodium-chloride cotransport (NCC)arrow_forward
- determine if the enzymes responsible for the induction of toleranceto pentobarbitone sodium are also induced by TCPOBOP.arrow_forwardThe mammalian kidney contains an immense network of nephrons that functions to conserve water by producing urine that is hyperosmotic compared to other body fluids. Describe in detail how the transport epithelia of the nephron and collecting duct are able to use transport mechanisms to process the filtrate as it moves through the vessels and produce a hyperosmotic filtrate.arrow_forwardIn terms of renal excretion, explain and briefly summarize the regulatory role of: The sympathetic nervous system; •Angiotensin II;•Aldosterone;•ADH;•Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)arrow_forward
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