Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The product formed when
Concept Introduction:
Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contains nitrogen atom. Pyridine nitrogen atom contain a lone pair. The lone pair of pyridine is not involved in the resonance with the
Answer to Problem 26.27AP
The product formed when
Explanation of Solution
In the given compound, the lone pair of the pyridine nitrogen is not involved in the resonance with the ring. Pyridine acts as base in the presence of acid. The nitrogen abstracts the proton from acid. The product formed is
Figure 1
The product formed in the given reaction is
(b)
Interpretation:
The product formed when
Concept Introduction:
Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contains nitrogen atom. Pyridine nitrogen atom contain a lone pair. The lone pair of pyridine is not involved in the resonance with the aromatic ring. No delocation of electron takes place, hence pyridine acts as a base. The hydrogen atoms of pyridine ring are not highly acidic, so mild base can’t abstract proton from pyridine. It requires a strong base for abstraction of proton.
Answer to Problem 26.27AP
No reaction takes place when
Explanation of Solution
Protons of pyridine are not highly acidic in nature. Sodium hydroxide cannot abstract proton from pyridine. It requires a very strong base for the removal of proton from pyridine to takes place. Hence, no reaction takes place between
Figure 2
No product is formed in the given reaction.
(c)
Interpretation:
The product formed when
Concept Introduction:
Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contains nitrogen atom. Pyridine nitrogen atom contain a lone pair. The lone pair of pyridine is not involved in the resonance with the aromatic ring. No delocation of electron takes place, hence pyridine acts as a base. The hydrogen atoms of pyridine ring are not highly acidic, so mild base can’t abstract proton from pyridine. It requires a strong base for abstraction of proton.
Answer to Problem 26.27AP
The product formed when
Explanation of Solution
The butyl-lithium compound is a very strong base. It will abstract proton from the methyl group of
Figure 3
The product formed in the given reaction is
(d)
Interpretation:
The product formed when
Concept Introduction:
Nitration reaction is aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction. The nitrating mixture contains nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The nitrosonium ion is formed as electrophile. The methyl group is an activating group, so it promotes electrophilic substitution reaction at ortho-para position.
Answer to Problem 26.27AP
The product formed when
Explanation of Solution
The compound
Figure 4
The product formed in the given reaction is
(e)
Interpretation:
The product formed when
Concept Introduction:
Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contains nitrogen atom. Pyridine nitrogen atom contain a lone pair. The lone pair of pyridine is not involved in the resonance with the aromatic ring. Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent. It will oxidize the nitrogen atom of pyridine to form
Answer to Problem 26.27AP
The product formed when
Explanation of Solution
Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizing agent. It will oxidize the given compound. The oxidation reaction takes place at the nitrogen atom.
Figure 5
The product formed in the given reaction of
(f)
Interpretation:
The product formed when
Concept Introduction:
Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contains nitrogen atom. Pyridine nitrogen atom contain a lone pair. The lone pair of pyridine is not involved in the resonance with the aromatic ring. No delocation of electron takes place, hence pyridine acts as a base. The nitrogen atom lone pair attacks the methyl group of methyl iodide.
Answer to Problem 26.27AP
The product formed when
Explanation of Solution
The lone pair of nitrogen atom of pyridine is not involved in the resonance with the aromatic ring. The lone pair makes the pyridine compound basic in nature. When compound
Figure 6
The product formed in the given reaction of
(g)
Interpretation:
The product formed when
Concept Introduction:
Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contains nitrogen atom. Pyridine nitrogen atom contain a lone pair. The lone pair of pyridine is not involved in the resonance with the aromatic ring. No delocation of electron takes place, hence pyridine acts as a base. Lithiated pyridine compound reacts with
Answer to Problem 26.27AP
The product formed when
Explanation of Solution
The lithiation product formed reacts with benzaldehyde, nucleophilic addition reaction takes place to form
Figure 7
The product formed when
(h)
Interpretation:
The product formed when
Concept Introduction:
Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contains nitrogen atom. Pyridine nitrogen atom contain a lone pair. The lone pair of pyridine is not involved in the resonance with the aromatic ring. Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent. It will oxidize the nitrogen atom of pyridine to form
Answer to Problem 26.27AP
The product formed when
Explanation of Solution
The compound
Figure 8
The product formed when
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Chapter 26 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Write the products of the following acid-base reactions: (a) CH3OH + H2SO4 ² ? (b) CH3OH + NANH2 2 ? (c) CH3NH3+ Cl- + NaOH ?arrow_forwardCompound X (C4H9Br) reacts by heating with NaOH in H2O to form Y. The compound Y then undergoes acid catalysed hydration by H2SO4 in 180°C to form 2-methyl prop-1-ene. (e) Determine the structure of X and Y. (f) Predict a MAJOR product when compound Y reacts with H2SO4 in 140°C. (g) Draw a structural isomer of X. Name the isomer using IUPAC nomenclature. (h) Describe a chemical test to distinguish between compound Y and 1-butanol.arrow_forwardWhat is the major organic product of the following reaction? (a) (b) NaBH4 CH3CH₂OH ? (c) (d) OHarrow_forward
- Draw the structures of the following compounds:(a) Ethanoic acid(b) Bromopentane(c) Butanonearrow_forwardPredict the major products formed when benzene reacts (just once) with the following reagents. (a) 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane + AlCl3 (b) benzoyl chloride + AlCl3 (c) iodine + HNO3 (d) nitric acid + sulfuric acid(e) carbon monoxide, HCl, and AlCl3 >CuCl (f) CH2(COCl)2, AlCl3arrow_forwardPropose structures for molecules that fit the following descriptions:(a) An aldehyde with the formula C5H10O(b) An ester with the formula C6H12O2(c) A compound with the formula C3H7NOS that is both anamide and a thiolarrow_forward
- provide the structure of the intermediate and product for the following reaction : (c) H CH,OH/H (C)arrow_forward(a) Draw the three isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid.(b) The isomers have melting points of 210 °C, 343 °C, and 427 °C. Nitration of the isomers at all possible positions was once used to determine their structures. The isomer that melts at 210 °C gives two mononitro isomers. The isomer that melts at 343 °C gives three mononitro isomers. The isomer that melts at 427 °C gives only one mononitro isomer. Show which isomer has which melting point.arrow_forward(b) 3-methyl-2-butanol reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid to form 2-methyl-2- butene. Write the mechanism for the reaction.arrow_forward
- Draw structural formulas for the following the compounds: (a) Cis-1,3-diphenylcyclohexane (b) 5-phenylpentanoic acid (c) 3,4-dibromo-N,N-dimethylanilinearrow_forwardWhen the conjugate acid of aniline, C6H5NH3+, reacts with the acetate ion, the following reaction takes place: C6H5NH3+(aq)+CH3COO(aq)C6H5NH2(aq)+CH3COOH(aq) If Kafor C6H5NH3+ is 1.35105 and Kafor CH3COOH is 1.86105 , what is K for the reaction?arrow_forward6) Which is the organic product for the following reaction? (a) (b) (c) (d) сон COOH ОН ОН COOH COOH KMnO4 H2Oarrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning