Concept explainers
For each codon, give its anticodon and the amino acid for which it codes.
a. CUG
b. UUU
c. AAG
d. GCA
(a)
Interpretation:
Anticodon and amino acid for codon CUG should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
DNA and RNA transform genetic information of the living cells through triplet code, which is a sequence of three nucleotides on DNA or RNA molecules codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis. Anticodon is the triplet that is represented in tRNA molecules corresponding to a complementary codon in mRNA.
Answer to Problem 55P
Anticodon − GAC
Amino acid − Leucine (Leu)
Explanation of Solution
Codons are written from 5 prime-end (5) to 3 prime-end (3) of mRNA. There is a unique triplet representation for a particular amino acid. The below-mentioned table represents the relationship between nucleotides and amino acids.
The Genetic Code- Triplets in Messenger RNA
First Base (5' end) | Second Base | Third Base (3' end) | |||||||
U | C | A | G | ||||||
U | UUU | Phe | UCU | Ser | UAU | Tyr | UGU | Cys | U |
UUC | Phe | UCC | Ser | UAC | Tyr | UGC | Cys | C | |
UUA | Leu | UCA | Ser | UAA | Stop | UGA | Stop | A | |
UUG | Leu | UCG | Ser | UAG | Stop | UGG | Trp | G | |
C | CUU | Leu | CCU | Pro | CAU | His | CGU | Arg | U |
CUC | Leu | CCC | Pro | CAC | His | CGC | Arg | C | |
CUA | Leu | CCA | Pro | CAA | Gln | CGA | Arg | A | |
CUG | Leu | CCG | Pro | CAG | Gln | CGG | Arg | G | |
A | AUU | Ile | ACU | Thr | AAU | Asn | AGU | Ser | U |
AUC | Ile | ACC | Thr | AAC | Asn | AGC | Ser | C | |
AUA | Ile | ACA | Thr | AAA | Lys | AGA | Arg | A | |
AUG | Met | ACG | Thr | AAG | Lys | AGG | Arg | G | |
G | GUU | Val | GCU | Ala | GAU | Asp | GGU | Gly | U |
GUC | Val | GCC | Ala | GAC | Asp | GGC | Gly | C | |
GUA | Val | GCA | Ala | GAA | Glu | GGA | Gly | A | |
GUG | Val | GCG | Ala | GAG | Glu | GGG | Gly | G |
According to the above table; one amino acid has several triplets, but triplet code is unique for an amino acid.CUG codon is responsible for GAC anticodon and this happens because of the complementary base pairing. In DNA; Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T). Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). In RNA; Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U). Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). According to the above table, leucine is the responsible amino acid for the CUG code.
(b)
Interpretation:
Anticodon and amino acid for codon UUU should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
DNA and RNA transform genetic information of the living cells through triplet code, which is a sequence of three nucleotides on DNA or RNA molecules codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis. Anticodon is the triplet that is represented in tRNA molecules corresponding to a complementary codon in mRNA.
Answer to Problem 55P
Anticodon − AAA
Amino acid − Phenylalanin (Phe)
Explanation of Solution
Codons are written from 5 prime ends (5) to 3 prime ends (3) of mRNA. There is a unique triplet representation for a particular amino acid. The below-mentioned table represents the relationship between nucleotides and amino acids.
The Genetic Code- Triplets in Messenger RNA
First Base (5' end) | Second Base | Third Base (3' end) | |||||||
U | C | A | G | ||||||
U | UUU | Phe | UCU | Ser | UAU | Tyr | UGU | Cys | U |
UUC | Phe | UCC | Ser | UAC | Tyr | UGC | Cys | C | |
UUA | Leu | UCA | Ser | UAA | Stop | UGA | Stop | A | |
UUG | Leu | UCG | Ser | UAG | Stop | UGG | Trp | G | |
C | CUU | Leu | CCU | Pro | CAU | His | CGU | Arg | U |
CUC | Leu | CCC | Pro | CAC | His | CGC | Arg | C | |
CUA | Leu | CCA | Pro | CAA | Gln | CGA | Arg | A | |
CUG | Leu | CCG | Pro | CAG | Gln | CGG | Arg | G | |
A | AUU | Ile | ACU | Thr | AAU | Asn | AGU | Ser | U |
AUC | Ile | ACC | Thr | AAC | Asn | AGC | Ser | C | |
AUA | Ile | ACA | Thr | AAA | Lys | AGA | Arg | A | |
AUG | Met | ACG | Thr | AAG | Lys | AGG | Arg | G | |
G | GUU | Val | GCU | Ala | GAU | Asp | GGU | Gly | U |
GUC | Val | GCC | Ala | GAC | Asp | GGC | Gly | C | |
GUA | Val | GCA | Ala | GAA | Glu | GGA | Gly | A | |
GUG | Val | GCG | Ala | GAG | Glu | GGG | Gly | G |
According to the above table; one amino acid has several triplets, but triplet code is unique for an amino acid. UUU codon is responsible for AAA anticodon and this happens because of the complementary base pairing. In DNA; Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T). Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). In RNA; Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U). Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). According to the above table, phenylalanine is the responsible amino acid for the UUU code.
(c)
Interpretation:
Anticodon and amino acid for codon AAG should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
DNA and RNA transform genetic information of the living cells through triplet code, which is a sequence of three nucleotides on DNA or RNA molecules codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis. Anticodon is the triplet that is represented in tRNA molecules corresponding to a complementary codon in mRNA.
Answer to Problem 55P
Anticodon − UUC
Amino acid − Lysine (Lys)
Explanation of Solution
Codons are written from 5 prime ends (5) to 3 prime ends (3) of mRNA. There is a unique triplet representation for a particular amino acid. The below-mentioned table represents the relationship between nucleotides and amino acids.
The Genetic Code- Triplets in Messenger RNA
First Base (5' end) | Second Base | Third Base (3' end) | |||||||
U | C | A | G | ||||||
U | UUU | Phe | UCU | Ser | UAU | Tyr | UGU | Cys | U |
UUC | Phe | UCC | Ser | UAC | Tyr | UGC | Cys | C | |
UUA | Leu | UCA | Ser | UAA | Stop | UGA | Stop | A | |
UUG | Leu | UCG | Ser | UAG | Stop | UGG | Trp | G | |
C | CUU | Leu | CCU | Pro | CAU | His | CGU | Arg | U |
CUC | Leu | CCC | Pro | CAC | His | CGC | Arg | C | |
CUA | Leu | CCA | Pro | CAA | Gln | CGA | Arg | A | |
CUG | Leu | CCG | Pro | CAG | Gln | CGG | Arg | G | |
A | AUU | Ile | ACU | Thr | AAU | Asn | AGU | Ser | U |
AUC | Ile | ACC | Thr | AAC | Asn | AGC | Ser | C | |
AUA | Ile | ACA | Thr | AAA | Lys | AGA | Arg | A | |
AUG | Met | ACG | Thr | AAG | Lys | AGG | Arg | G | |
G | GUU | Val | GCU | Ala | GAU | Asp | GGU | Gly | U |
GUC | Val | GCC | Ala | GAC | Asp | GGC | Gly | C | |
GUA | Val | GCA | Ala | GAA | Glu | GGA | Gly | A | |
GUG | Val | GCG | Ala | GAG | Glu | GGG | Gly | G |
According to the above table; one amino acid has several triplets, but triplet code is unique for an amino acid. AAG codon is responsible for UUC anticodon and this happens because of the complementary base pairing. In DNA; Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T). Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). In RNA; Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U). Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). According to the above table, lysine is the responsible amino acid for the AAG code.
(d)
Interpretation:
Anticodon and amino acid for codon GCA should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
DNA and RNA transform genetic information of the living cells through triplet code, which is a sequence of three nucleotides on DNA or RNA molecules codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis. Anticodon is the triplet which is represented in tRNA molecules corresponding to a complementary codon in mRNA.
Answer to Problem 55P
Anticodon − CGU
Amino acid − Alanine (Ala)
Explanation of Solution
Codons are written from 5 prime ends (5) to 3 prime ends (3) of mRNA. There is a unique triplet representation for a particular amino acid. The below-mentioned table represents the relationship between nucleotides and amino acids.
The Genetic Code- Triplets in Messenger RNA
First Base (5' end) | Second Base | Third Base (3' end) | |||||||
U | C | A | G | ||||||
U | UUU | Phe | UCU | Ser | UAU | Tyr | UGU | Cys | U |
UUC | Phe | UCC | Ser | UAC | Tyr | UGC | Cys | C | |
UUA | Leu | UCA | Ser | UAA | Stop | UGA | Stop | A | |
UUG | Leu | UCG | Ser | UAG | Stop | UGG | Trp | G | |
C | CUU | Leu | CCU | Pro | CAU | His | CGU | Arg | U |
CUC | Leu | CCC | Pro | CAC | His | CGC | Arg | C | |
CUA | Leu | CCA | Pro | CAA | Gln | CGA | Arg | A | |
CUG | Leu | CCG | Pro | CAG | Gln | CGG | Arg | G | |
A | AUU | Ile | ACU | Thr | AAU | Asn | AGU | Ser | U |
AUC | Ile | ACC | Thr | AAC | Asn | AGC | Ser | C | |
AUA | Ile | ACA | Thr | AAA | Lys | AGA | Arg | A | |
AUG | Met | ACG | Thr | AAG | Lys | AGG | Arg | G | |
G | GUU | Val | GCU | Ala | GAU | Asp | GGU | Gly | U |
GUC | Val | GCC | Ala | GAC | Asp | GGC | Gly | C | |
GUA | Val | GCA | Ala | GAA | Glu | GGA | Gly | A | |
GUG | Val | GCG | Ala | GAG | Glu | GGG | Gly | G |
According to the above table; one amino acid has several triplets, but triplet code is unique for an amino acid. GCA codon is responsible for CGU anticodon and this happens because of the complementary base pairing. In DNA; Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T). Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). In RNA; Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U). Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). According to the above table, alanine is the responsible amino acid for the GCA code.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 22 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
- Explain why the base sequence ATC could not be a codon.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the genetic code are true and which are false? Correct each false statement. a.Each codon is composed of four bases. b.Some amino acids are represented by more than one carbon. c.All codons represent an amino acid. d.Each living species is thought to have its own unique genetic code. e.The codon AUG at the beginning of a sequence is a signal for protein synthesis to begin at that codon. f.It is not known if the code contains stop signals for protein synthesis.arrow_forwardIn messenger RNA, a codon contains how many nucleotides? a.one b.two c.three d.fourarrow_forward
- Draw the complete structure of the ribonucleotide codon UAC. For what amino acid does this sequence code?arrow_forwardWrite the base sequence for the mRNA that would be formed during transcription from the DNA strand with the base sequence GCCATATTG.arrow_forwarda Describe the three components of a nucleotide. b How does the structure of an RNA nucleotide differ from that of a DNA nucleotide?arrow_forward
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Principles of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,