The mechanism for the formation of o-(hydroxymethyl)benzoic acid when o-phthalaldehyde is treated with a base is to be proposed. Concept introduction: The Cannizzaro reaction takes place by nucleophilic addition of OH - to an aldehyde to give a tetrahedral intermediate, which expels a hydride ion and is thereby oxidized. A second aldehyde group, either within the same intermediate or from another molecule, accepts the hydride ion and thus gets reduced to an alcohol. To propose: The mechanism for the formation of o-(hydroxymethyl) benzoic acid when o-phthalaldehyde is treated with a base.

Question

Can you draw the mechanism for the synthesis of cyclohexene from cyclohexanol through an acid-catalyzed dehydration reaction. Where Phosphoric acid donates a proton ((H^+)) to the hydroxyl group of cyclohexanol, forming a protonated cyclohexanol intermediate. • The protonated cyclohexanol undergoes dehydration, leading to the removal of a water molecule and the formation of cyclohexene. • The released proton combines with water to form hydronium ion (H3O+), regenerating the catalyst. The mechanism should illustrate the acid-catalyzed dehydration process, where phosphoric acid facilitates the removal of water from cyclohexanol, resulting in the formation of cyclohexene.

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.12, Problem 18P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of o-(hydroxymethyl)benzoic acid when o-phthalaldehyde is treated with a base is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The Cannizzaro reaction takes place by nucleophilic addition of OH^- to an aldehyde to give a tetrahedral intermediate, which expels a hydride ion and is thereby oxidized. A second aldehyde group, either within the same intermediate or from another molecule, accepts the hydride ion and thus gets reduced to an alcohol.

To propose:

The mechanism for the formation of o-(hydroxymethyl) benzoic acid when o-phthalaldehyde is treated with a base.

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Can you draw the mechanism for the synthesis of cyclohexene from cyclohexanol through an acid-catalyzed dehydration reaction. Where Phosphoric acid donates a proton ((H^+)) to the hydroxyl group of cyclohexanol, forming a protonated cyclohexanol intermediate. • The protonated cyclohexanol undergoes dehydration, leading to the removal of a water molecule and the formation of cyclohexene. • The released proton combines with water to form hydronium ion (H3O+), regenerating the catalyst. The mechanism should illustrate the acid-catalyzed dehydration process, where phosphoric acid facilitates the removal of water from cyclohexanol, resulting in the formation of cyclohexene.

How does propane synthesized from propanone? Show its mechanism.

Draw the products formed when each compound is treated with HNO3 and H2SO4.State whether the reaction occurs faster or slower than a similar reaction with benzene.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.12, Problem 18P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of o-(hydroxymethyl)benzoic acid when o-phthalaldehyde is treated with a base is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The Cannizzaro reaction takes place by nucleophilic addition of OH^- to an aldehyde to give a tetrahedral intermediate, which expels a hydride ion and is thereby oxidized. A second aldehyde group, either within the same intermediate or from another molecule, accepts the hydride ion and thus gets reduced to an alcohol.

To propose:

The mechanism for the formation of o-(hydroxymethyl) benzoic acid when o-phthalaldehyde is treated with a base.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.12, Problem 18P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of o-(hydroxymethyl)benzoic acid when o-phthalaldehyde is treated with a base is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The Cannizzaro reaction takes place by nucleophilic addition of OH^- to an aldehyde to give a tetrahedral intermediate, which expels a hydride ion and is thereby oxidized. A second aldehyde group, either within the same intermediate or from another molecule, accepts the hydride ion and thus gets reduced to an alcohol.

To propose:

The mechanism for the formation of o-(hydroxymethyl) benzoic acid when o-phthalaldehyde is treated with a base.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.12, Problem 18P

Interpretation Introduction