Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134296012
Author: Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 2CC
Connecting the Concepts
2. In the chordate phylogenetic tree below, fill in the shared derived character that defines each clade.
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1. Based on the activity what is the basis for saying that a certain organisms is less or more similar to another organism.
2. In the introduction it says "molecular data is universal", what is meant by this and why is it important in the science of systematics?
3. Figure 2 shows the phylogenetic relationship among chordates. Based on the figure, how does the ancestor of all chordates look like?
4. Based on figure 2 which organisms is most similar to Tunicates and least similar to tunicates?
C. Phylogenetic tree Interpretation.
Salamander Lizard
- Perch
Hagfish
Mouse
Chimp
Pigeon,
Feathers
Fur;
mammary
glands
Claws
or nails
Lungs
Jaws
1. Which organisms in the cladogram in figure 1 have fur and mammary glands?
2. Which organisms in the cladogram in figure 1 have jaws?
3. Based on the cladogram, which shared a common ancestor most recently----a mouse and a lizard or a mouse
and a perch?
4. Which two organisms would you expect to have a closer matching DNA sequence
for a gene that doesn't matter in terms of natural selection?--Hagfish and Pigeon or Hagfish and Salamander?
Hagfish
Salamander Lizard
Perch
Mouse Chimp
Pigeon
Feathers
Fur;
mammary
glands
Claws
or nails
ungs
Jaws
Fig. 1. Cladogram on some vertebrates
Related questions:
1. What is the synapomorhpy shared by the mouse and chimpanzee?
Answer:
2. Specify the apomorphy of the pigeon.
Answer:
3. Jaw is present to what taxa?
Answer:
Chapter 19 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
Ch. 19 - Connecting the Concepts 1. In the primate...Ch. 19 - Connecting the Concepts 2. In the chordate...Ch. 19 - A lamprey, a shark, a lizard, and a rabbit share...Ch. 19 - Why were the Tiktaalik fossils an exciting...Ch. 19 - Fossils suggest that the first major trait...Ch. 19 - Which of the following correctly lists possible...Ch. 19 - Which of these is not a member of the anthropoids?...Ch. 19 - Studies of DNA support which of the following? a....Ch. 19 - The earliest members of the genus Homo a. had a...Ch. 19 - Compare the adaptations of amphibians and reptiles...
Ch. 19 - Birds and mammals are both endothermic, and both...Ch. 19 - One of the misconceptions about human evolution is...Ch. 19 - What adaptations inherited from our primate...Ch. 19 - Summarize the hypotheses that explain variation in...Ch. 19 - A good scientific hypothesis is based on existing...Ch. 19 - Explain some of the reasons why the human species...Ch. 19 - Anthropologists are interested in locating areas...Ch. 19 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING By measuring the fossil...
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- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion to all parts 1. What are the wings of birds and bees are an example of? 1. a homologous character 2. convergent evolution 3. derived characters 4. mosaic evolution 5. ancestral charactersarrow_forwardTrue or False for the following: 1. The salamander lineage is a basal taxon. 2. Salamanders are a sister group to the clade containing lizards, goats, and humans. 3. Lizards are more closely related to salamanders than to humans. 4. Lizards are more closely related to goats than to humans. 5. Goats and humans are sister taxa.arrow_forward5. 5. Draw a phylogeny the following taxa: shark; tuna; frog; lizard; mouse; whale. On your phylogeny label the first occurrence/evolution of the following traits: cartilaginous skeleton; bony skeleton; hair; four limbs; shelled eggs. Describe a synapomorphy using any of the traits you labeled on the tree.arrow_forward
- Salamander Lizard Goat Human Based on this tree, which of the following statements is not correct? The lineage leading to salamanders was the first to diverge from the other lineages. Lizards are more closely related to salamanders than lizards are to humans. Salamanders are a sister group to the group containing lizards, goats, and humans. Salamanders are as closely related to goats as they are to humans.arrow_forward5. Please indicate crown and stem elephants on the phylogeny below. (Note: African elephants and Asian elephants are still alive, while Mastodons and Mammoths are extinct). African Mammoths elephants Asian elephants Mastodonsarrow_forwardThe phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae) reproduced at right was assembled from molecular sequence data. Which species is the domestic cats closest relative? Which clade is the sister taxon to tigers? Are bobcats more closely related to cougars or to ocelots? Source: From Warren E. Johnson et al. 2006. The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment. Science 311:7377.arrow_forward
- nvestigate the changes in taxonomy since Linnaeus. Note major changes, such as the recognition that sponges are not plants (Linnaeus thought they were), the changing classification of barnacles (Linnaeus thought they were bivalves), and the breakdown of Linnaeus’s phylum, Vermes (worms). 2) Draw a cladogram of the primates, referring to Chapter 22. Include Homo sapiens and the other extinct species of the genus Homo to the best of our current knowledge. Compare to the cladograms in several of the most recent references listed in Chapter 22.arrow_forwardActivity 4. Analyzing Cladograms Use the following cladogram to answer the questions below. Ray-finned fish Rodents & rabbits Sharks Amphibians Primates Crocodiles Birds Hair Eggs with shellt Amniotic egg Four limbs Bony skeleton Vertebrae Figure 8. Cladogram. Taken from https://www.warrencountyschools.org/userfiles/1576/Classes/19431/ClassificationWorkbook.pdf. Guide Questions 1. What separates rabbits/primate from the crocodiles on this cladogram? 2. Which organism is most related to the rodents and rabbits on this cladogram? 3. What separates sharks from ray-finned fish in this cladogram? 4. What 5 traits do the bird and its closest relative share? a. b. c. d. е. 15 5. Which organism will have DNA most similar to the bird? Why? 6. Which organism's DNA will differ the most from the bird? Why?arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions about this phylogenetic tree. What animal represents the out group in this tree and why? What is the derived characteristic of the birds? What is the shared characteristic of 3 to 6? Which number represents the common ancestor of Ostriches and Hawks?arrow_forward
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