The reason due to which a high number of proteins are expressed by a relatively lesser number of genes encoding for proteins in the genome of humans. Introduction: The human genome’s size is 3.2 billion base pairs, where it contains introns or noncoding genes, exons or coding genes and repetitive sequences. Human genes code for many proteins, which performs a functional and structural role in the body at the cellular and tissue level. The number of genes encoding for proteins is about 21,000, which is 0.1 percent of the human genome. However, the number of proteins is higher, which does not match the number of genes encoding for protein.

Question

Which of the following is an explanation for how there can be differential gene expression throughout a multicellular organism? A) There are unique sets of genes present in the different tissues of the organisms B) Some tissues have histones, while other cells do not use histones C) There are unique combinations of transcription factors in different tissues of the organism D) Different tissues throughout the organism use different genetic coding rules .

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 17.4, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To review:

The reason due to which a high number of proteins are expressed by a relatively lesser number of genes encoding for proteins in the genome of humans.

Introduction:

The human genome’s size is 3.2 billion base pairs, where it contains introns or noncoding genes, exons or coding genes and repetitive sequences. Human genes code for many proteins, which performs a functional and structural role in the body at the cellular and tissue level. The number of genes encoding for proteins is about 21,000, which is 0.1 percent of the human genome. However, the number of proteins is higher, which does not match the number of genes encoding for protein.

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Which of the following is an explanation for how there can be differential gene expression throughout a multicellular organism? A) There are unique sets of genes present in the different tissues of the organisms B) Some tissues have histones, while other cells do not use histones C) There are unique combinations of transcription factors in different tissues of the organism D) Different tissues throughout the organism use different genetic coding rules .

If a gene sequence is more tightly coiled around histones, then which of the following is the most likely consequence? A) This gene is more likely to undergo mutation as it is being expressed B) This gene is unlikely to be transcribed while in this conformation C) This gene will be transcribed often while in this conformation D) This gene will be translated more efficiently .

Which statement is false: A) Each type of protein ( ex: hemoglobin vs trypsionngen) varies in the length and amino acid sequence of its peptide B) After the rpocess of transcription is complete, the mRNA that is produced will continue being tranlsated by ribosomes for the rest of the cells life. mRNA never breaks down C) A ribosome will bind to an mRNA and will translate the sequence by reading one codon at a time and adding one amino acid to the peptide chain. It will stop the translation once it encounters a stop codon D) The gene for a protein provides the information on the legth of the peptide, along w the amino acid sequence so the protein can be synthesized by a ribosome E) Once mRNA has left the nucleus, ribosomes will bind to it and will follow the instructions in its sequence to make the new protien