Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321967671
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14, Problem 12PS
Summary Introduction

To determine: The approximate age of the fossil by using the data represented in the graph given in the textbook. It is given that the carbon-14/carbon-12 ratio of a fossilized skull is about 6.25% of that of the skull of a present day animal.

Introduction: To estimate the death date of an organism, archaeologists study the radioactive decay of Carbon 14 in the organic material. Carbon is found in two forms in the organic matter of living organisms: stable form of Carbon 12 and the radioactive isotope Carbon 14. At particular period of time in lifetime of living organism, the ratio of these two carbon forms in the tissue is approximately same. But after the death of an organism the ratio of Carbon 12 to Carbon 14show changes due to the decay of carbon 14 to nitrogen 14 occurs.

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Carbon-14 dating works for fossils up to about 75,000 years old;fossils older than that contain too little 14C to be detected. Mostdinosaurs went extinct 65.5 million years ago. (a) Can 14C be usedto date dinosaur bones? Explain. (b) Radioactive uranium-235 hasa half-life of 704 million years. If it was incorporated into dinosaurbones, could it be used to date the dinosaur fossils? Explain
The researchers found that the Neanderthal fossil had approximately0.0078 as much 14C as found originally in the atmosphere. (a) Usingthe numbers on your graph, determine how many half-lives havepassed since the Neanderthal died. (b) Using your 14C calibration onthe x-axis, what is the approximate age of the Neanderthal fossil inyears (round off to the nearest thousand)? (c) Approximately whendid Neanderthals become extinct according to this study? (d) Theresearchers cite evidence that modern humans (H. sapiens) becameestablished in the same region as the last Neanderthals approximately 39,000–42,000 years ago. What does this suggest aboutthe overlap of Neanderthals and modern humans?
What kind of fossils were formed out of dinosaur remains and activities? Why do you say so? (Give three)
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