Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 12.4, Problem 1CC
Summary Introduction
To explain: The effect on transcription and translation if the start codon from a protein-encoding gene is eliminated by mutation.
Introduction: The genetic expression of gene follows directionality of the flow of the information according to the mechanism of the central dogma. The transcription process includes the flow of the genetic information from a segment of the DNA to make complementary mRNA fragment. The mRNA molecules are then undergoes capping and addition of poly A tail to be able to move from nucleus to the site of translation. The translation occurs at ribosomes and converts the information stored in mRNA codons to be finally expressed as chain of amino acid joined by the peptide bond know as protein.
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If a mutation eliminated the start codon from a gene, howwould the mutation affect transcription, and how would it affect translation?
Refer to the genetic code table and the mRNA sequence below to complete this question:
U C U G A U G G G C U U U...
beginning with the start codon, which amino acids, in order, are coded for by this section of mRNA? A) Thr-Met- Gly
B) Met-Gly-Phe
C) Ser-Asp-Gly-Leu
.
TAT is a codon for the amino acid tyrosine (Tyr). If a mutation changes TAT to TAA, what kind of mutation has occured?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 12.1 - What disease would result if a person inherited...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 12.1 - What is the direction of flow of genetic...Ch. 12.2 - Core Skill: Connections Look back at the role of...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1EQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 2EQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 3EQCh. 12.5 - Core Skill: Connections Look back at Figure 6.3,...
Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2CSCh. 12.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12 - Which of the following best represents the central...Ch. 12 - A mutation prevents a gene from being transcribed...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3TYCh. 12 - Prob. 4TYCh. 12 - If a eukaryotic mRNA failed to have a cap attached...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6TYCh. 12 - Prob. 7TYCh. 12 - During the initiation of translation, the first...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9TYCh. 12 - Prob. 10TYCh. 12 - Prob. 1CQCh. 12 - Prob. 2CQCh. 12 - Prob. 3CQCh. 12 - Prob. 1COQCh. 12 - Prob. 2COQ
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- During the process of transcription, a nucleotide was deleted from an mRNA sequence that coded for a protein. What effect would this deletion have on the amino acid sequence of the protein?arrow_forwardTranscription and translation are separate processes in gene expression; however, they have similarities. The following terms all relate to translation. Which of these has a role that is most similar to that of the transcription start site during transcription? A)Start codon B)Stop codon C)tRNA D)Amino acidarrow_forwardA mutation within a gene sequence changes the start codon to a stop codon. How will this mutation affect the transcription of this gene?arrow_forward
- What would be the effect of an insertion or deletion of one of the bases in a codon?arrow_forwardWhich statement is false: A) Each type of protein ( ex: hemoglobin vs trypsionngen) varies in the length and amino acid sequence of its peptide B) After the rpocess of transcription is complete, the mRNA that is produced will continue being tranlsated by ribosomes for the rest of the cells life. mRNA never breaks down C) A ribosome will bind to an mRNA and will translate the sequence by reading one codon at a time and adding one amino acid to the peptide chain. It will stop the translation once it encounters a stop codon D) The gene for a protein provides the information on the legth of the peptide, along w the amino acid sequence so the protein can be synthesized by a ribosome E) Once mRNA has left the nucleus, ribosomes will bind to it and will follow the instructions in its sequence to make the new protienarrow_forwardA codon that specifies the amino acid Gly undergoes a single-base substitution to become a nonsense mutation. In accord with the genetic code, is this mutation a transition or a transversion? At which position of the codon does the mutation occur?arrow_forward
- DNA mutations can affect the reading frame for the genetic code. What is a human condition caused by these mutations? Identify how the reading frame is affected.arrow_forwardHydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA? Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls. What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene? Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations) Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.arrow_forwardWhat is the function of a stop codon?arrow_forward
- If the mRNA transcribed for this gene will be translated into a functional protein, how many amino acids will be used to build the polypeptide chain? what is the amino acid coded by the 25th codon? what is the amino acid coded by the last codon?arrow_forwardA codon that specifies the amino acid Gly undergoes a single-base substitution to become a nonsense mutation. In accord with the genetic code given in Figure 15.10, is this mutation a transition or a transversion? At which position of the codon does the mutation occur?arrow_forwardWhat is the “second genetic code”?arrow_forward
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