(a)
To determine: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an
Interpretation: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone; and the number of bonds to oxygen that each atom has before and after the oxidation is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Chromic acid is an oxidizing agent in which chromium acts as a multivalent atom. The formation of active species of chromic acid occurs by going through higher oxidation state before the oxidation to a lower oxidation state after the oxidation of alcohol.
(b)
To determine: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone; and the number of bonds to oxygen that each atom has before and after the oxidation.
Interpretation: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone and the number of bonds to oxygen does each atom before and after the oxidation is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Sodium hypochlorite is an oxidizing agent in which chlorine acts as a multivalent atom. The formation of active species of sodium hypochlorite occurs by going through higher oxidation state before the oxidation to a lower oxidation state after the oxidation of alcohol.
(c)
To determine: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone; and the number of bonds to oxygen that each atom has before and after the oxidation.
Interpretation: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone and the number of bonds to oxygen does each atom before and after the oxidation is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Sulphur in the Swern oxidation acts as a multivalent atom. The Swern oxidation comprises use of
(d)
To determine: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone; and the number of bonds to oxygen that each has atom before and after the oxidation.
Interpretation: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone; and the number of bonds to oxygen that each atom has before and after the oxidation is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Iodine in the DMP reagent acts as a multivalent atom. The formation of active species in the DMP reagent occurs by going through higher oxidation state before the oxidation to a lower oxidation state after the oxidation of alcohol.
(e)
To determine: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone, and the number of bonds to oxygen that each atom has before and after the oxidation.
Interpretation: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone and the number of bonds to oxygen that each atom has, before and after the oxidation is to be stated.
Concept introduction: The carbinol
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 11 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
- What functional group distinguishes each of the following hydrocarbon derivatives? a. halohydrocarbons b. alcohols c. ethers d. aldehydes e. ketones f. carboxylic acids g. esters h. amines Give examples of each functional group. What prefix or suffix is used to name each functional group? What are the bond angles in each? Describe the bonding in each functional group. What is the difference between a primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol? For the functional groups in ah, when is a number required to indicate the position of the functional group? Carboxylic acids are often written as RCOOH. What does COOH indicate and what does R indicate? Aldehydes are sometimes written as RCHO. What does CHO indicate?arrow_forward1. What functional group is produced when an aldehyde reacts with H2/Pt? A.secondary alcohol B. carboxylic acid C.hemiacetal D. primary alcohol E.alkane F.tertiary alcohol G. alkene 2. What reaction occurs when an aldehyde reacts with H2/Pt to form a primary alcohol? A. Hydration B. Hydration C. Dehydration D. Oxidation E. Reduction( hydrogentation) 3. What reaction occurs when an Ester react with H+/H2O to from a carboxylic acid and alcohol? A. Dehydration B. Reduction ( Hydrogenation) C.Hydrolysis D. Hydration E.oxidationarrow_forwardWrite the structure of the product formed in the following oxidation-reduction reactions. Label the functional group in the reactant that changes, and identify the new functional group in the product. If the functional group is an alcohol, identify the type of alcohol. If there is no reaction, state so. 54 Ac a. H. ОНН Н [O] Н-С-С—С-С-Н of H. ННН b. НННС 84 Н-С-С-С--С--Н ННН C. НННН [0] form НО-С-С-С-С-Н H HH H Hd. HO [H] pertortm e. [0] ОН কনarrow_forward
- 2. What type of chemical reaction is illustrated by the following reaction? CH3OOCH3 + H2O ⎯→ CH3OOH + CH3OH a. oxidation/reduction b. substitution c. neutralization d. hydrolysis e. dehydration synthesis (condensation)arrow_forwardThe compound para-dichlorobenzene is the active ingredient of the bathroom deodorizer "Albatross". How many distinct products are possible for the reaction of para-dichlorobenzene with 1 equivalent of HNO3 in H2SO4? a. 3 b. 2 c. 1 d. 4 e. 5arrow_forwardFormation of NO from nitrogen and oxygen is an endothermic process. Which statements are true about the bonds of this reaction? a.) Products have lower PE because product bonds are stronger than reactants b.) Products have higher PE because product bonds are weaker than reactants c.) Products have lower PE because product bonds are weaker than reactants d.) Products have higher PE because product bonds are stronger than reactantsarrow_forward
- What are the structures of Q and R in the following reaction scheme? A. What is the structure of Q? B. Br PPh3 PPh3 C. 1. PPh3 2. strong base D. PPh3 PPh3 Q → R What is the structure of R B. O E. OH D. For F.arrow_forward1. Consider the solubility and boiling point of the following pair of compounds: n-butyl alcohol and diethyl ether. The boiling points for the compounds are 118 °C and 35 °C respectively. The solubility for both compounds is the same (8g/100g water). Explain this observation for (i) boiling point disparity; (ii) solubility similarity a. H-bonds form in diethyl ether; n-butyl alcohol forms H-bonds in water b. H-bonds form in n-butyl alcohol; diethyl ether forms H-bonds in water c. H-bonds in n-butyl alcohol; Both compounds form H-bonds in water d. Both compounds form H-bonds; Both compounds form H-bonds in water 2. Account for the bond angle differences between (i) H-C-H (109.5°) in methane and H-S-H (90°); H-C-H (109.5°) and H-O-H (107.5°) in water. a. The H-S-H has two lone pairs; The H-O-H has two lone pairs b. The H-S-H has no hybridization at p-orbitals; The H-O-H has two lone pairs c. The H-S-H has two lone pairs; The H-O-H has no hybridization…arrow_forward6. What is the major organic product obtained from the following reaction? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 OH PBrs 'Br PBI2arrow_forward
- 5. Draw a structural example of a primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol. 6. Classify the following reaction as oxidation, dehydration or hydration. a. CH.CH(OH)CH, CH,COCH, 7. Identify each compound as an alcohol or an ether. Classify any alcohols as primary, secondary or tertiary. он b. он HO d. 8. Write the product(s) for the following reactions. a. H,O b. H,Oarrow_forwardThe disinfection of drinking water to control microbial contaminants can form chemical disinfection byproducts. These compounds result from the reaction of chlorine with naturally occurring organic matter (the dissolved molecules that give natural water the yellow-greenish color). One class of disinfection byproducts is the malodorous and unpalatable chlorophenols. 2,4-dichlorophenol is one compound of this class. a) Calculate the vapor pressure p*L of 2,4-dichlorophenol at 60 °C using Tb and structural information only OH .CI M, = 163.0 g/mol Tm = 43.7 °C Tp = 213.0°C %3D %3D %3Darrow_forwardDraw structural formulas for organic products A and B in the window below. -CH₂CI Li pentane Cul B • Draw only products having the organic portion of the original alkyl halide. • Draw carbon-lithium bonds using the single bond tool. If a structure has a copper-lithium bond, do not draw the lithium. Separate products from different steps using the → sign from the drop- down menu.arrow_forward
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning