Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The molecular formula of lactic acid should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The molecular formula of any molecule explains about the atoms present in it along with the numbers of atoms.
(b)
Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
The functional groups are the atoms or groups of atom which undergoes some chemical transformation in organic molecules. These chemical transformations are very important part of organic compounds because of these functional units, organic compounds are divided.
(c)
Interpretation:
The bond angles of carbon atoms of Lactic acid should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
The bond angles are angles occurring in between the bonds forming atoms of molecules. This bond angles can be determined with the help of VSEPR model that shows the regions of electron density around the atoms.
(d)
Interpretation:
The polar and nonpolar bonds of lactic acid should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Polar bonds are bonds in which electronegativity difference of atoms is in range of 0.5 and 1.4. Nonpolar bonds are bonds with electronegativity difference of less than 0.5.
(e)
Interpretation:
The polarity of lactic acid molecule should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Polarity of any molecule depends on electronegativity of atoms that forms covalent bonds. Depending upon the difference in electronegativity of atoms, polar or nonpolar molecule is determined. Polar molecule has electronegativity between 0.5 and 1.4 whereas in nonpolar molecule, it is less than 0.5.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
- ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND STRUCTURES Interpreting the skeletal structure of a neutral organic molecule Answer the questions in the table below about this molecule: H. What is this molecule's chemical formula? Note: write the simplest molecular chemical formula, in which each element symbol appears only once. |CH3 CH2 How many CH,, CH,, and CH groups are in this molecule? 2' 3' CH 1IIarrow_forwardHow many sigma and pi bonds ( in total) are present in the following organic molecule? Give the total number of lone pair electrons present in the molecule. Hy C CH3 C N- C-H 0=C CH3 2.arrow_forwardPart A 13D Explain the term "functional group." How do organic chemists use the functional group concept? A functional group is a group of atoms within a larger molecule that gives the molecule specific physical properties. Organic chemists use functional groups as an organizational tool in classifying, naming, and calculation of the mass of organic molecules. A functional group is an atom within a larger molecule that gives the molecule specific physical and chemical properties. Organic chemists use functional groups as an organizational tool only in classifying and naming of organic molecules. A functional group is a group of atoms within a larger molecule that gives the molecule specific chemical properties. Organic chemists use functional groups as an organizational tool in predicting the properties of organic molecules. A functional group is a group of atoms within a larger molecule that gives the molecule specific physical and chemical properties. Organic chemists use functional…arrow_forward
- Draw and upload a Lewis structure for CH4. as well as answer the following questions. -what is the hybrizatjon around the carbon? - what is the electron pair geometry for your drawing? -what is the bond angle between the C-H bonds of CH4 what is the molecular shape for CH4?arrow_forwardAnswer the questions in the table below about the shape of the fluoroform (CHF3) molecule. How many electron groups are around the central carbon atom? Note: one "electron group" means one lone pair, one single bond, one double bond, or one triple bond. What phrase best describes the arrangement of these electron groups around the central carbon atom? (You may need to use the scrollbar to see all the choices.) 0 (choose one) X 8arrow_forwardAnswer the questions in the table below about the shape of the nitrosyl choride (NOC1) molecule. How many electron groups are around the central nitrogen atom? Note: one "electron group" means one lone pair, one single bond, one double bond, or one triple bond. What phrase best describes the arrangement of these electron groups around the central nitrogen atom? (You may need to use the scrollbar to see all the choices.) 0 (choose one) Xarrow_forward
- For the molecule below, determine the polarity of the polar bonds. Use 5+ and 6- on individual atoms AND crossed arrows for bond polarity to indicate your answer. H O H-O CH3arrow_forwardName 5 common organic compounds that are found in your home. Draw their Lewis structures and give their molecular formula. Encircle and identify the functional group/s that is/ are present in each molecule. Write your answers in another sheet of paper. Ex. Acetic acid in vinegar Substance Molecular formula Lewis structure CH,COOH - more preferable H-C+C 0-H Acetic acid C2H4O2 in vinegar H Carboxylic acid エーO-エarrow_forwardFor the following molecules, sketch the three-dimensional shape, describe the molecular geometry of each central atom, and describe bond angles around each central atom. H2S O3 CHF3 HClO3 (the hydrogen is bonded to an oxygen) CH3NH2 For each molecule in problem 1, determine if the molecule is polar or nonpolar. If polar, indicate the molecular polarity with the arrow that has the plus sign. If nonpolar, write this for the molecule (there is no symbol for nonpolar).arrow_forward
- Draw the Lewis structure of these compounds and use the electronegativity values, calculate the polarity of the molecules and write if the compounds will be polar, nonpolar, or ionic. Label the + and -next to the atoms of the molecule if they have charge. Also, write the overall dipole. Cl₂ HCl NH₃ CH₂O CH₄ O₂ CH₂Cl₂ H₂O CH₃Li HCN CH₂CHCl CH₃CH₃ CO₂arrow_forwardDecide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or nonpolar. If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. For example, if the molecule were HCl and you decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd enter "H" in the last column of the table. molecule or polyatomic ion CC14 № 2 CO₂ polar or nonpolar? polar nonpolar polar nonpolar polar nonpolar X atom closest to negative side 0 Śarrow_forwardUse the Molecular Polarity Simulation to complete the following. Effect of Molecular Geometry on Polarity For each molecule: Sketch each molecule as shown in the simulation. Include arrows to show the bond dipoles as well as a molecular dipole (if present). Circle polar or nonpolar to indicate the polarity of the molecule. Name the molecular geometry (from Part A) H2O vs CO2 H2O CO2 polar nonpolar polar nonpolar Molecular Geometry Molecular Geometry Question 1a: How does the molecular geometry (linear vs bent) affect the molecular polarity?arrow_forward
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning