Use the References to access important values if needed for this question.Sigma BondingAo bond arises from the straight-on overlap of two atomic orbitals. The electron density lies along the axis of the two bonded nuclei.sp3 hybrid orbitalExample:Sigma Bondingin methane, CH.1s orbitalWhat atomic or hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond between C, and Cl in dichloroethylene, CH,CC1, ?(C, is the second carbon in the structure as written.)orbital on C, +orbital on ClWhat is the approximate C1-Cz-Cl bond angle ?

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Answered: Use the References to access important…

Chemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781133611097

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl

Chapter9: Covalent Bonding: Orbitals

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 57E: Use Figs. 4-54 and 4-55 to answer the following questions. a. Would the bonding molecular orbital in...

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Use Figs. 4-54 and 4-55 to answer the following questions. a. Would the bonding molecular orbital in HF place greater electron density near the H or the F atom? Why? b. Would the bonding molecular orbital have greater fluorine 2p character, greater hydrogen 1s character, or an equal contribution from both? Why? c. Answer the previous two questions for the antibonding molecular orbital in HF.
The antibiotic thiarubin-A was discovered by studying the feeding habits of wild chimpanzees in Tanzania. The structure for thiarubin-A is a. Complete the Lewis structure, showing all lone pairs of electrons. b. Indicate the hybrid orbitals used by the carbon and sulfur atoms in thiarubin-A. c. How many and bonds are present in this molecule?
Compare Figs. 4-47 and 4-49. Why are they different? Because B2 is known to be paramagnetic, the 2p and 2p molecular orbitals must be switched from the first prediction. What is the rationale for this? Why might one expect the 2p to be lower in energy than the 2p? Why cant we use diatomic oxygen to help us decide whether the 2p, or 2p, is lower in energy?
Why do we hybtidize atomic orbitals to explain the bonding in covalent compounds? What type of bonds form from hybrid orbitals: sigma or pi? Explain.
Consider the following flat drawing of methane (CH4) . a. What is HCH bond angle implied by this drawing if you assume it is flat? b. Are the electron domains of this flat CH4 spread out as much as possible? c. Use model materials to make a model of CH4 (methane). If you assembled it correctly, thefour bonds (bonding electron domains) of your model will be 109.5° apart. d. In which representation, the drawing above or the model in your hand (circle one) are theH’s of CH4 more spread out around the central carbon? e. Confirm that your model looks like the following drawing. The wedgebond represents a bond coming out of the page, and the dash bondrepresents a bond going into the page f. You will often see methane drawn as if it were flat (like on the previous page). Why is thismisleading, and what is left to the viewer’s imagination when looking at such a drawing?
Sigma Bonding Ao bond arises from the straight-on overlap of two atomic orbitals. The electron density lies along the axis of the two bonded nuclei. sp3 hybrid orbital Example: Sigma Bonding in methane, CH4 1s orbital What atomic or hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond between C, and O in acetaldehyde, CH3CHO ? (C, is the second carbon in the structure as written.) orbital on C, + orbital on O What is the approximate C,-C2-O bond angle ?
Molecule C2H2 SFs- NO3- Lewis structure include lone pairs & formal charges on each atom Resonance structures don't have to include lone pairs; write N/A if there are none Electron Geometry Hybridization on central atom Overlapping orbitals O: O: include value of n in the orbital name (e.g. 1s, not s). Write N/A if that kind T: of bond is not present in T: the molecule Molecular Geometry Bond angle(s) include < as necessary 3D structure and polarity don't have to include lone pairs; draw the dipole arrow on the molecule or write "non- polar"
Sigma Bonding AG bond arises from the straight-on overlap of two atomic orbitals. The electron density lies along the axis of the two bonded nuclei. sp3 hybrid orbital Example: Sigma Bonding in methane, CH4 1s orbital What atomic or hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond between C, and O, in acetic acid, CH3COOH ? (C, is the second carbon in the structure as written.) orbital on C, + orbital on O1 What is the approximate C1-C2-O1 bond angle ?
Sigma Bonding A o bond arises from the straight-on overlap of two atomic orbitals. The electron density lies lalong the axis of the two bonded nuclei. sp³ hybrid orbital 1s orbital O What is the approximate CI-P-CI bond angle? Example: What atomic or hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond between P and Cl in phosphorous trichloride, PCI3? Sigma Bonding in methane, CH4 orbital on P+ orbital on Cl
Molecule or Polyatomic HOCI NO₂ N₂H4 H₂O₂ Hint: the oxygens are connected (CH3)2NH Lewis structure H¬O—CI: | : 0=N–6: H-N-N-H H H H-0-0-H H H H-C-N -C-H .. HHH Hybrid- ization AXE 3 sp AX₂E2 2 sp² AX₂E 3 sp³ AX3E 3 sp AX₂E2 3 AX3E Electron pair geometry Molecular shape tetrahedral bent trigonal planar bent tetrahedral trigonal pyramidal tetrahedral bent tetrahedral trigonal pyramidal Bond angles ~109.5° ~109.5° all ~109.5° all ~109.5° all ~109.5° Bond Polarity Molecular Polarity if the molecule is polar, add a dipole arrow if not polar, state so and why H H H²O-OH Н H H" H H H Н Cl H 'H H

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