In the beta oxidatiin pathway when the starting fatty acid contains n carbons what is the priduct of the enzyme acyl-CoA sythetase assume the starting saturated fatty acud contains n carbons and n is an even number
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In the beta oxidatiin pathway when the starting fatty acid contains n carbons what is the priduct of the enzyme acyl-CoA sythetase assume the starting saturated fatty acud contains n carbons and n is an even number
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- The Reactions and Meehanisms of the Leloir Pathway Write the reactions that permit galactose to be utilized in glycolysis. Write a suitable mechanism, tor one of these reactions.Using the ActiveModel for enoyl-CoA dehydratase, give an example of a case in which conserved residues in slightly different positions can change the catalytic rate of reaction.Extending the Mechanism of Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase to Similar Reactions Based on the mechanism for the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (see problem 14), write reasonable mechanisms for the following reactions shown.
- Distinguishing the Mechanisms of Class I and Class I Aldolases Fructose bisphosphate aldolase in animal muscle is a class 1 aldolase, which forms a Schiff base intermediate between substrate (for example. fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate) and a lysine at the active site (see Figure I8.12). The chemical evidence for this intermediate conies from studies with aldolase and the reducing agent sodium borohydride, NaBH4. Incubation of the enzyme with dihydroxyacetone phosphate and NaBH4 inactivates the enzyme. Interestingly, no inactivation is observed if NabH4 is added to the enzyme in the absence of substrate. Write a mechanism that explains these observations and provides evidence for the formation of a Schiff base intermediate in the aldolase reaction.Show the structure of each intermediate in the conversion of b-hydroxybutyryl-ACP to butyryl-ACP by the fatty acid synthetase complex. Show where cofactors participate. In your first intermediate, circle the carbon atoms derived from malonyl-CoA.Fatty acids are activated for breakdown through the action of acyl-CoA synthestase. Which of the following statements regarding acyl-CoA synthetase is not true? ● It catalyzes the addition of CoA to the fatty acid One of the products of the reaction is ADP. O The free energy change for the reaction catalyzed by this reaction is close to 0 kJ/mol, but the subsequent hydrolysis of pyrophosphate drives the reaction forward. O The reaction results in the formation of a thioester bond.
- In the fatty acid degradation of the following molecule: How many Acetyl CoA, NADH, and FADH2 will be generated? Will the fatty acid degradation result in the generation of propionyl CoA?Arrange the steps of breakdown of oleic acid (pictured below) in the correct order. 1 2 3 4 5 activation by acyl-CoAsynthe ✓ [Choose ] one cycle ofß-oxidationbeginning at the enoyl-CoAhydratasestep three cycles ofẞ-oxidation five cycles ofß-oxidation activation by acyl-CoAsynthetase enoyl-CoAisomeraseactivity enoyl-CoAisomeraseactivity V one cycle ofß-oxidationbegini V five cycles ofß-oxidation OHThe total degradation of a fatty acid with an odd number of carbons yields acetyl-CoA and another compound, X. Show the structure of X, and describe the pathway by which it is converted into a citric acid cycle intermediate, including where any cofactors participate.
- Fatty acids are converted to their coenzyme A esters in a reversible reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase: R-COO +ATP +COA R-C-COA +AMP + PPi a) The reaction involves two steps the first of which forms an enzyme-bound intermediate identified as the mixed anhydride of the fatty acid and AMP: R-C-O-P-O-nibose-adenine Write two chemical equations coresponding to the two steps of the reaction catalyzed by the synthetase. b) The acyl-CoA synthetase reaction as written above is readily reversible. How might the reaction be made to favor formation of fatty acyl-CoA? Write within the box. Anything outside the box will not be graded. From theDraw the product of the reaction of acetyl CoA with CO2 catalyzed by acetyl CoA carboxylase in the first committed step of fatty acid synthesis. Provide the structure in the protonation state found in physiological conditions. Drawing SCOA Q acetyl-COA carboxylase biotin cofactor HCO3, ATP ADP, Pi, H*Beta-Oxidation of a 15:14⁹ fatty acid will result in the production of which of the following? 7 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 6 FADH2 and 6 NADH 7 acetyl CoA, 6 FADH2 and 6 NADH 6 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 6 FADH2 and 6 NADH 6 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 5 FADH2 and 6 NADH 6 acetyl CoA, 6 FADH2 and 6 NADH