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E-strip testing can be used to determine a drug MIC against an organism. Which ONE of the following is correct?
The zone of inhibition is inversely proportional to the activity of the drug
The E-strip result guides to the maximum drug concentration that can be used to clear an infection
The E-strip is impregnated with a fixed concentration of drug
The E-strip is used broadly clinically to determine if an organism is resistant to a drug
The MIC is read where bacterial growth touches the E-strip
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Explain a simple test one could do to determine if drug resistance isdeveloping in a culture.A factor in the zone of inhibition size on the Kirby-Bauer plate is: a. amount of medium placed on the plate b. rate of diffusion of the drug used c. stage of growth of the microbe placed on the plate d. all of theseThe Kirby -Bauer antimicrobial sensitivity testing method relies on: A. The inhibition of one antimicrobial by another B. The diffusion of antimicrobials in paper discs C. Serial dilutions of antimicrobials in test tubes D. A gradient of an antimicrobial on a paper strip
- Briefly discuss the potential impact on the antibiotic susceptibility testing results when different agar thicknesses are used across different laboratories. What would you suggest to ensure that results between testing laboratories are comparable.Discuss and explain the results of this graph. Graph shows results of WST-1 assay. T0 ( time zero) shows assay performed in order to obtain an absorbance at the time of test agent added in order to determine 1. how much cells have grown over the incubation period 2. Growth inhibition by test agent 3. If test agent caused cytotoxicityExplain the differences between in-vitro and in-vivo testing of Pharmaceutical products. Give suitable examples.
- Which of the following is not a factor that should be considered when selecting a antimicrobial drug? A. The nature of the microbe causing the infection B. The overall medical condition of the patient C. The origin of the drug D. The degree of susceptibility of the microbe to that drugWhen determining the clinical significance of cultures, a. the number of microbes is signifi cant. b. the presence of a single colony of a true pathogen may indicate the presence of the disease if the culture comes from a site known to be sterile (i.e., cerebrospinal fl uid). c. the repeated isolation of a relatively pure culture of any microorganism can mean it is an agent of disease, although this is not always the case. d. a range of tests may be needed to identify a pathogen. e. all of the above are true.Which one of the following methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing combines some of the properties of two other methods and involves adding a plastic strip to the agar? Select one: a. Agar macrodilution method b. Gradient diffusion method c. Broth microdilution method d. Disk diffusion method
- 20) Is the statement True or False? Chronic toxicity tests should be run during a period of 90 days for the test animals. 21) Sort the below given steps prior to in vivo tests of a biomaterial. Assurance of sterilized material preparation Appropriate computer simulation models Prerequisite material characterization tests Pertinent in vitro models 22) What are the 3R rules in in vivo test? 23) Clinical trials encompass 3 different phases as given below , match of the distinction for the extent of the trial for the phases ? Phase I Phase II Phase III biomaterial is tested on a small group реople (ca 60-80) comparison of the effectiveness of the new treatment, (ca 1000 – 3000) large group (ca 100-300)isolating a suspected agent in a sick individual that is absent in a healthy individual is sufficient to establish that the agent causes the disease? True or FalseBroad-spectrum drugs target a wide variety of bacterial pathogens. Even when the broad-spectrum drug is capable of killing a target pathogen, it may not be the best treatment. Which statement best explains why a broad spectrum drug might be an undesirable treatment choice? Broad-spectrum antimicrobials are usually toxic to the host cells. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials only work if they are used shortly after the infection begins. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials may kill much of the normal microbiota. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials are not able to kill bacteria that are in their log phase of growth. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials may stimulate excess growth of the normal microbiota.