Consider a Variant aF the uitimatum qame we Studicd inclass in which players have Fairness considerations. The timing OF the qame is vsual. First , Player 1 propasas the split (100 -x, x) OF a hundred dollars to Player 2,where XE [0,100. Player 2 observes split & decides whtther to accep= in Nhich case they recieve Money accor ding ti proposed Split)
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- . If you examine the decision tree in Figure 9.12 (orany other decision trees from PrecisionTree), you willsee two numbers (in blue font) to the right of each endnode. The bottom number is the combined monetaryvalue from following the corresponding path throughthe tree. The top number is the probability that thispath will be followed, given that the best strategy isused. With this in mind, explain (1) how the positiveprobabilities following the end nodes are calculated,(2) why some of the probabilities following the endnodes are 0, and (3) why the sum of the probabilitiesfollowing the end nodes is necessarily 1.There are 2 players. They take Ston eS From the Pilt of 6 Stones. Player 1 can takt only 2 or 3 Stones. piayer 2 can taKeS only 2 or 4 StonesS. P layers take turns, observe dil Previous moves, and player 1 mover first. A pla yer loses if She can not make a legal move, While another player ir declared the Winner. Let the pay oF OF Winning egval to 1 and the payoFF OF losing equal to 0. a) represent the in ɛxtemsive Form (depict Only legalmoes) b) Find all SPNE OF this game& explain your a mwwer. Who Will Win ? game Only legalmar)Consider a setting in which player 1 moves first by choosing among threeactions: a, b, and c. After observing the choice of player 1, player 2 choosesamong two actions: x and y. Consider the following three variants as towhat player 3 can do and what she knows when she moves:a. If player 1 chose a, then player 3 selects among two actions: high andlow. Player 3 knows player 2’s choice when she moves. Write down theextensive form of this setting. (You can ignore payoffs.)b. If player 1 chose a, then player 3 selects among two actions: high andlow. Player 3 does not know player 2’s choice when she moves. Writedown the extensive form of this setting. (You can ignore payoffs.)c. If player 1 chose either a or b, then player 3 selects among two actions: high and low. Player 3 observes the choice of player 2, but not that of player 1. Write down the extensive form of this setting.(You can ignore payoffs.)
- [Adverse Selection] Each of the two players receives an envelope, in which there is anamount of money that is equally distributed from $0, $1, $2, ..., $100. The amounts in twoenvelopes are independent. After receiving the envelope, each individual can check exactlyhow much money is put in his/her own envelope. Then each player has the option to exchangehis/her envelope for the other individual's prize. The decisions are made simultaneously. Ifboth individuals agree to exchange, then the envelopes are exchanged; otherwise, if at leastone player chooses not to exchange, each individual keeps his/her own envelope and receivesits attached sum of money.a. Model this game as a static Bayesian game (write the normal formrepresentation) and find the Bayesian Nash equilibrium.b. Consider a new game where the probability distribution of money in eachenvelope is changed. The amount is equal to $100 with probability 90%, and is equalto each number in $0, $1, $2, ... ,$99 with probability 0.1%.…Consider a Variant oF the ultimatum qame We Studicd inclass in which players have Fairness considerations . The timing OF the qame is vSual. First , Player 1 propasar the split (100 -x", x) OF a hundred dellars to player 2,Where XE [0,100]. Player 2 observes split & decides whether to accept (in which case they recieve Money accor ding ti proposed Split) or reject (in Which Case they both get žero dollars).But now player i's Utility equals to her monetary Vtility minus the disutility From unFairneas proportional tO the differene in Monetary OutcCOMeS . That is, qiven a Final Split (m. ,m.) ket u, (m. ,m.) = m, -P. (m, - m2)" %3D U. (m. ,m2) = m,- P2 (m,-m.) Where PP are parametens of the game indicating how strongly Players care a bout Fairness. Note that the case we considered corres pends to B, = B2 = 0 (a) Let B, = To ,P2 = alcept ? revect ? Describe all seguentially rational Strategies For player 2. b) Let B, = 10 ,$=0. For each sequentially rational Strategy of player 2 yoU…Which of the following is a significant difference in the outcomes between the dictator game and the ultimatum game? Multiple Choice O O O O Self-interest is revealed more strongly in the ultimatum game than in the dictator game. The ultimatum game tends to result in a more even split of the money. There is little difference, as fairness considerations lead to similar splits of the money in both games. The dictator game tends to result in a more even split of the money.
- According to the Intern al Revenue Service, the mean tax refund for the year 2014 was $2800 Assu me the stan dard devlation I6 $450 an d that the amounts 1etunded follow a normal probability distribution. a. What percont of the refunde aro more th an $3,100? (Round the Intermediate velues to 2 decimal places. Round your answer to 2 decimal places) Percert 0.25 % b. What percent of the refun ds are more th an $3,100 but less th an $3.500? (Round the intermediete values to 2 dec imal places Round your ans wer to 2 decimal places) Peroert c. What percent of the retun ds are more th an $2,250 but less than $3.500? (Round the inter mediate val ues to 2 decimal places Round your answer to 2 decimal places) PeroartYou and a coworker are assigned a team project on which your likelihood or a promotion will be decidedon. It is now the night before the project is due and neither has yet to start it. You both want toreceive a promotion next year, but you both also want to go to your company’s holiday party that night.Each of you wants to maximize his or her own happiness (likelihood of a promotion and mingling withyour colleagues “on the company’s dime”). If you both work, you deliver an outstanding presentation.If you both go to the party, your presentation is mediocre. If one parties and the other works, yourpresentation is above average. Partying increases happiness by 25 units. Working on the project addszero units to happiness. Happiness is also affected by your chance of a promotion, which is depends on howgood your project is. An outstanding presentation gives 40 units of happiness to each of you; an aboveaverage presentation gives 30 units of happiness; a mediocre presentation gives 10 units…a W 3,5 3,4 8,4 0,0 3,3 8,9 y 0,1 5,9 9,8 Describe a strategy for player 1 that dominates x. O (1/3.0. 2/3) 1.0,0) O01.1) to
- Consider a Variant oF the uitimatum qame we Studicd inclasS in which players have Fairness considerations. The timing OF the qame is vsual. First , Player 1 propasar the split (100 -x, x) XE [0,100]. Player 2 observes split & decides whether to accept (in which case they recieve Moncy according proposed Split) or reject (in Which case they both get žero dollars).But now player i's utility equals to her monetary Vtility minus the disutility From unFairneas proportion al to the diFfrene in Monetary outCOMES . That is, given a final Split (m. ,m.) let OF a hundred dollars to player 2,Where u, (m. ,m.) = m, -B. (m, - m2)* Ui (m.,m.) = m, - P. (m, -m.) Where Pi,Pz are parametens of the game indicating haw strongly Players care a bout Fairness. Noté that the case we Considered corres pands to B, = Bz =0 Let B,=0 7, 10 (a) Which oFFes will player 2.derinitely allept ? revect ? Describe all sequentially rational Strategies For player 2. (b) For cach seqventialy ratianal Strategy of player 2…A game is played as follows: First Player 1 decides (Y or N) whether or not to play.If she chooses N, the game ends. If she chooses Y, then Player 2 decides (Y or N) whetheror not to play. If he chooses N the game ends. If he chooses Y, then they go ahead and playanother game with the payoffs shown below. A player who opts out by choosing N gets 2 andthe other player gets 0. Draw the tree of this game and then find the two subgame-perfect Nashequilibria.Clancy has $4800. He plans to bet on a boxing match betweenSullivan and Flanagan. He finds that he can buy coupons for $6 thatwill pay off $10 each if Sullivan wins. He also finds in another storesome coupons that will pay off $10 if Flanagan wins. The Flanagantickets cost $4 each. Clancy believes that the two fighters each have aprobability of ½ of winning. Clancy is a risk averter who tries tomaximize the expected value of the natural log of his wealth. Whichof the following strategies would maximize his expected utility? (a) Don’t Gamble (b) Buy 400 S tickets and 600 F tickets(c) Buy exactly as many F tickets and S tickets (d) Buy 200 S and 300 F(e) Buy 200 S and 600 F