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- 7. N [0.75] B A [0.25] 1 E F 6 2 J K J K 12 3 9. 6 6. 1 In equilibrium, what is the probability that player 1 will use the pure strategy E in this game?(a) Stan and Ollie are two students who share a flat. Both of them prefer to live in a clean flat. However, neither is too fond of housecleaning. Each of them receives a payoff of 12 if they both clean the flat. If neither person cleans the flat, they receive a payoff of 6 each. If one person cleans the flat but the other person does not, then the payoff for the person who does the cleaning is 5 and the payoff for the person who doesn't do any cleaning is 15. (i) Write down the payoff matrix of this game. Derive the dominant strategy equilibrium. Is this also a Nash equilibrium? (ii) Expiain your reasoning. Consider a game with N players. Each player chooses Black or White. If a player (b) chooses Black, she gets 100 if everyone else also chooses Black, and she gets 0 if any of the other players does not choose Black. If a player chooses White, she always gets 50. Show that everyone choosing Black and everyone choosing White are both Nash equilibria of this game.Player 2 Y1 Y2 Y3 X1 1,4 8,4 7,4 6,2 4,5 Player 1 X2 3,5 3,5 X3 5,3 2,2
- Exercise 6.8. Consider the following extensive-form game with cardinal payoffs: 1 R O player pay 000 2 1 M 3 b 010 O player 3's payoff 1 2 221 2 000 0 0 (a) Find all the pure-strategy Nash equilibria. Which ones are also subgame perfect? (b) [This is a more challenging question] Prove that there is no mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium where Player 1 plays Mwith probability strictly between 0 and 1.Consider the following payoff matrix. L C R U 6, 3 3, 4 7, 2 1 D 3, 4 | 6, 2 8, 1 What is the probability that Player 1 plays U at the Nash equilibrium of this game? (a) 2/3 (b) 1/2 (c) 1/3 (d) 1/4 (e) None of the above optionsTwo players play the following game for infinite times. For the player to continue to cooperate what would be the ranges of their discount factor, δ_1 and δ_2, respectively? cooperate betray cooperate (10,20) (-25,30) betray (15, -22) (-12, -18)
- A game is played as follows: First Player 1 decides (Y or N) whether or not to play.If she chooses N, the game ends. If she chooses Y, then Player 2 decides (Y or N) whetheror not to play. If he chooses N the game ends. If he chooses Y, then they go ahead and playanother game with the payoffs shown below. A player who opts out by choosing N gets 2 andthe other player gets 0. Draw the tree of this game and then find the two subgame-perfect Nashequilibria.(b) Consider the simultaneous-move game below with two players, 1 and 2. Each player has two pure strategies. If a player plays both strategies with strictly positive probability, we call it a strictly mixed strategy for that player. Show that there is no Nash equilibrium in which both 1 and 2 play a strictly mixed strategy. Player 2 b₁ b₂ Player 1 a₁ 3,0 0,1 a2 2,1 2,1(ii) A mixed strategy profile (p, q) is one in which p = (p,P2.... P) is the mixed strategy of player 1, and q- (g1, q2,..q4) is the mixed strategy of player 2. Show that if p, >0 in a Nash equilibrium profile (p*, q*), the player 2 must also play i with strictly positive probability q'; > 0. (State clearly any theorem you use to show this. You are not required to justify the theorem.) %3D
- 0 E F 3 2 FIGURE 2 23 D G 2 H 0 1 (2) Two friends, Albert (A) and Berta (B), have to decide on going to one of three bars, Xenia's (X), Yara's (Y), or Zana's (Z). They decide to select a bar by alternatively vetoing bars until one remains. First Albert vetoes a bar. If at least two bars remain, then Berta vetoes another bar. That process continues until a single bar remains unvetoed. Suppose Albert prefers Xenia's to Yara's to Zana's and Berta prefers Zana's to Yara's to Xenia's. Assume that, for each of the two, going to their most preferred bar gives a utility of 2, going to their next preferred bar gives a utility of 1, and going to their least preferred bar gives a utility of 0. Model this as an extensive form game and find its Nash equilibria. Which of the Nash equilibria are subgame perfect?NE 2). Consider the following extensive form game between two players. (1,10) u D 1 B X (a) List all pure strategies of player 2. (b) Represent this game in normal form. (c) Find all pure-strategy Nash equilibria of this game. (d) Find all SPNE (in pure strategies) of this game. (6,3) (4,2) (5,1)Consider two firms who are engaged in a Research and Development (R&D) "con- test". Both firms simultaneously expend resources to try to win the contest (which may mean developing a superior product or developing a product before the com- petitor). If the two firms expend bị and b2, respectively, on R&D, the probability that firm 1 wins the contest is if b1 = b2 =0 BE otherwise P1(b1, b2) = where r is some exogenous constant, r E (0, 0). If firm 1 wins the contest, it will subsequently earn revenue of 1 (not including the cost of R&D, b1). If firm 1 loses the contest, it will earn zero revenue, and thus lose bj in total. Hence, firm l's expected profit is n'(b1,b2) = p1(b1,b2) - b1. Everything is symmetric for firm 2. i. How does p1(b1,0) depend on b1? Is it an equilibrium for both firms to spend nothing on R&D (b1 = b2 = 0)? Prove and explain your answer. For which values of r is n' (b,b2) concave in b1 when b2 > 0? ii. Consider the possibility of a symmetric pure-strategy…
