Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) hydrolyzes a fatty acyl group from: A) monoacylglycerol. B) diacylglycerol. C) triacylglycerol. D) A and C. E) B and C.
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- Eicosanoids and endocannabinoids, which are hormone-like substances, are made from which fatty acid? ? a) kinetic acid b) oleic acid c) linolenic acid d) arachidonic acid Sphingomyelin differs from phosphatidyl choline in that: a) kinetic acid is absent in sphingomyelin b) sphingosine replaces glycerol in sphingomyelin c) sphingomyelin contains 2 choline molecules Which of these lipids contains no fatty acids? a) cerebrosides b) lecithin c) cholesterol d) plant oils Which of these is an ABC transporter? a) Na/K pump b) MDR protein c) Na/Ca antiporter d) Na/glucose symporter In an ion channel, the part of the channel protein which specifically binds to the ion is called: a) a voltage-gated channel b) a ligand-gated channel c) an antiporter d) a selectivity filter Symporters and antiporters may transport one chemical species against its concentration gradient. Energy for this is obtained from: a) ATP b) NADH via oxidative phosphorylation c)…Which of the following stimulates lipolysis? a) Phosphorylation of diacylglycerol lipase b) Phosphorylation of triacylglycerol lipase c) both a and b d) neither a nor b1) Gluconeogenesis refers to ________. A) the breakdown of glycogen B) the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources C) the formation of glycogen. D) splitting of glucose to pyruvate E) fermentation of glucose to ethanol 3) Glycogenesis refers to ________. A) the breakdown of glycogen B) the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources C) the formation of glycogen D) splitting of glucose to pyruvate E) fermentation of glucose to ethanol 3) Ketosis is a condition that can occur if A) ketone bodies instead of glucose are used for energy. B) too many ketones are ingested. C) too much protein is available in the diet. D) the brain is starved of glucose. E) low fat intake occurs.
- When the activated form of alcohol is used to synthesize glycerophospholipids, CDP-alcohol reacts with diacylglycerol to form glycerophospholipids. In this metabolic pathway, diacylglycerol is most likely produced by: a) Triacylglycerol lipase b) Phosphatidate phosphorylase c) Diacylglycerol lipase d) All of the above e) None of the aboveGlucagon increases hepatic gluconeogenesis by decreasing the cytosolic concentration of which of the following?A) AMPB) Calcium C) cAMPD) cGMPE) Fructose 2,6-bisphosphateA molecule which stimulates glycolysis in liver tissue, but inhibits gluconeogenesis is a) oxaloacetate b) pyruvate c) fructose 2,6-biphosphate d) alpha ketoglutarate Which bifunctional enzyme is found in liver tissue which regulates glycolysis and gluconeogenesis? A) hexokinase/glucokinase b) PFK-2/fructose 2,6-biphosphatase c) pyruvate dehydrogenase / pyruvate kinase d) aldolase/triose isomerase An archetypal channel pore is the same thing as: a) a symporter b) an antiporter c) a 7-TM receptor d) a selectivity filter MDR protein is also called: a) alpha-protease b) p-glycoprotein c) the Na/K pump d) cholecystokinin In hemoglobin, which of these molecules binds to heme? A) oxygen b) CO2 c) BPG d) all of these Which of these is not associated with the insulin receptor? A) IRS b) cyclic AMP c) PIP3 d) AKT The beta barrel motif is often found in which types of proteins? A) pore and channel proteins b) proteases c) 7-TM receptors d)…
- What would happen to the functionality of cholic acid if the 3 hydroxy groups were removed? A) There would be more thorough digestion of fats B) It would mix with the watery phase of chyme C) It would mix with lipids in the fatty phase of chyme D) Chemical digestion of lipids would be less effective E) Both choices C & D F) A & B are correctDuring intensive muscle work there is a large amount of ammonia produced in the muscles. What amino acid plays the main role in the transportation of ammonia to the liver and participates in gluconeogenesis reactions? A) Ornithine B) Alanine C) Arginine D) Aspartate E) LysineWhat is the first step in glycogen degradation? a) remodeling of the glycogen substrate b) activation of the T state of phosphorylase b c) release of glucose 1-phosphate from glycogen d) formation of glucose 6-phosphate from glucose 1-phosphate e) isomerization of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate
- Fatty acids are stored in adipose tissue, as triacylglycerol (TAG) forms. TAGs are degraded as glycerol and fatty acids where energy is required. Based on that knowledge explain: a) How these products are used in the adipose, liver, and other tissue? b)Why glycerol can not be metabolized in adipose tissue?Which of the following gives rise to y-amino butyrate? a) Pyruvate decarboxylation b) Glutamine synthase c) Glutamate synthase d) Glutamate decarboxylationDegradation of fats as an energy source involves all of the following excepta) β -oxidation.b) acetyl-CoA.c) glycerol.d) lipase.e) transamination.