9. Consider a phospholipid vesicle containing 25 mM Na+ ions. The vesicle is bathed in a solution that contains 80 mM Na+ ions, and the electrical potential difference across the vesicle membrane Aч= outside - Winside 50 mV. What is the electrochemical potential at 25 °C for Na+ ions?
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- You have a semi permeable membrane with a membrane potential of -90mV. You also have two ions that are both permeable to the membrane, Na and Cl. Na has a concentration of 10mM inside the membrane and 120mM outside the membrane. Cl has a concentration of 1.5mM inside the membrane and 77.5mM outside the membrane. Use the nernst equation to calculate the electrochemical equilibrium of both ions, and show in which direction the netflux would be for each ion.A beaker contains two compartments (A and B) with equal volumes of solution separated by an artificial membrane with a pore size of 24 Angstrom (Å). Explain the net movement of solute if Compartment A has 3% albumin while compartment B has 2% potato starch (albumin diameter = 38 Å; potato starch = 300,000-1000000 Å).given the perfect osmometer (plasma membrane bounded by perfectly rigid walls) inside the cell, the solute potential is 0 and the pressure potential is 0, outside the cell the water potential is also 0 you add a dilute salt solution that changes the osmotic potential of the solution to 0.3MPa 1. what is the approximate value of the solute potential and pressure potential inside the cell after the system has come to equilibrium? 2. why does the movement of relatively few water molecules across the plasma membrane of the osmometer have such a large effect in the value of pressure potential?
- The resting membrane potential of a typical animal cell is about –70 mV, and the thickness of a lipid bilayer is about 4.5 nm. What is the strength of the electric field across the membrane in V/cm? What do you suppose would happen if you applied this field strength to two metal electrodes separated by a 1-cm air gap?The diffusion coefficient for potassium ions crossing a biological membrane 10 nm thick is 1.0 x 10-11 m2/s. What flow rate of potassium ions will move across an area of 100 nm x 100 nm if the concentration difference across the membrane is 0.5 mol/dm3.A red blood cell has an internal salt concentration of ∼150 mM. The cell is placed in a beaker of 500 mM salt. Solve, (a) Assuming the cell membrane is permeable to water but not to ions, describe what will happen to the cell in terms of osmosis. (b) If the membrane were permeable to ions, in which direction would solutes diff use: into or out of the cell?
- 1. Consider a cell with surface area 2.5 x 102 mm, initial water potential of -0.3MPA and membrane hydraulic conductance of 10 m s MPa". The cell is placed in freshwater having a solute potential of -0.15 MPa. (a) Calculate the driving force for water movement into the cell. (b) Determine the initial flow rate of water into the cell in volumetric terms.In the situations described below, what is the free energy change if 1 mole of Na+ is transported across a membrane from a region where the concentration is 48 μM to a region where it is 110 mM? (Assume T=37∘C.) When the transport is opposed by a membrane potential of 70 mV.Phospholipid lateral motion in membranes is characterized by a diffusion coefficient of about 1 x 10-8 cm2/sec. The distance traveled in the membrane in a given time is r = √4Dt, where r is the distance traveled in centimeters is the diffusion coefficient, and t is the time during which diffusion occurs. Calculate the distance (in nanometers) traveled by a phospholipid in a bilayer in 25 msec (milliseconds).
- You are attempting to rupture cells. You systematically dilute a lysis buffer of ammonium sulfate in water and find that 54 mM is the point at which the cells rupture. You know that the internal osmolarity of the cells is 0.3 osM. Calculate the yield stress of the cell wall/membrane.8. (where [K*] = 420 mM) where the membrane electrical potential is -0.22 V. Show your calculations to determine if this process is favorable. Consider the transport of K* ions from a surrounding fluid (where [K'] = 30 mM) into a cell 420 mM K* 30 mM K*In an experiment, a 0.001 (mole fraction) solution of polysaccharide in water is made and is placed in the compartment A (see Figure below). Compartment B is filled with pure water. The two compartments are separated by a porous semi-permeable membrane that allows the exchange of water molecules between the two compartments, but not that of the larger polysaccharide molecules a) Show that the chemical potential of water in compartment A is lower than that in compartment B by 2.48 J/mol. b) As a result of this chemical potential difference, water molecules will move from compartment B to compartment A. This causes the pressure in compartment A, relative to that in B, to increase. How would this affect the chemical potential of water in compartment B? When would the diffusion of water from B to A cease (i.e. equilibrium is achieved)? c) Using your answer to part (b), work out the difference between the pressure in compartment A and B when…