3. Assuming that there are 5 x 1013 cells in the human body and that ATP is turning over at a rate of 10⁹ ATP per minute in each cell, how many watts is the human body consuming (a watt is a joule per second, and there are 4.18 joules/calorie). Assume that hydrolysis of ATP yields 10 kcal/mol.
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- 1. Assuming that everything that’s needed to make tripalmitin comes from glucose, how many glucose would be used by adipose tissue in the synthesis of 1 mol tripalmitin? 2. How many ATP would be used (net of produced and used)? 3. If an animal absorbs 35 g glucose (MW = 180 g/mol) from drinking a can of pop, how many grams of tripalmitin (MW = 807 g/mol) can be produced from it in adipose tissue? Please provide only typed answer solution no handwritten solution needed allowed10. Calculating AG in a Rat Liver Cell Calculate the free energy of hydrolysis of ATP in a rat liver cell in which the ATP, ADP, and P₁ concentrations are 3.4, 1.3, and 4.8 mM, respectively.21. Based upon the following reactions, what would be the AG" for the formation of ATP from phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP? ATP → ADP + Pi phosphoenolpyruvate pyruvate + Pi AG" = -31.5 kJ/mol AG"=-62.2 kJ/mol
- A 75 kg person doing light work requires about 3000 kcal of food energy perday, 40% of which is actually used by the body’s cells. (The other 60% is lostas heat and in waste products.) Before being used by the cells, effectively allof this energy is stored in ATP, which is then cleaved into ADP and PO3−2 , with the release of 12.5 kcal per mole of ATP.(a) How many moles of ATP are turned over per day in this fashion? Whatmass of ATP does this correspond to? (The molecular weight of ATP is507 g/mol.)(b) The body actually contains approximately 5 g ATP. Estimate the averagerecycle time for an ATP molecule. You see that it is much more efficientto reuse ADP rather than to synthesize it de novo (from scratch).13. Calculate the equilibrium constant K'eg, for each of the following reactions at pH 7.0 and 25°C. glucose + Pi a. Glucose 6-phosphate + H20 enz. Glucose 6-phosphatase; AG'O=-13.8kJ/molWalking consumes approximately 100 kcal/mi. In the hydrolysis of ATP (ATP → ADP + Pi), the reaction that drives muscle contraction, ΔG°′ is −7.3 kcal/mol (−30.5 kJ/mol). Calculate how many grams of ATP must be produced to walk a mile. ATP synthesis is coupled to the oxidation of glucose (ΔG°′ = −686 kcal/mol). How many grams of glucose are actually metabolized to produce this amount of ATP? (Assume that only glucose oxidation is used to generate ATP and that 40% of the energy generated from this process is used to phosphorylate ADP. The gram molecular weight of glucose is 180 g and that of ATP is 507 g.)
- During a 20-minute workout, a person burns 350 calories. What is the number of grams of glucose undergoing glycolysis in muscle cells with ample supply of oxygen? NADH in muscle cells is transported via the glycerol phosphate shuttle (which byhpasses Complexes I and II of the ETC). The human ATP synthase has 8 c subunits. Take note: Molar mass of glucose is 180 g/mol 1 calorie = 4.184 J phosphorylation potential in muscle cells is ~55 kJ/molFree energy changes under intracellular conditions differ markedly from those determined under standard conditions. AG" =-30.5 kJ/mol for ATP hydrolysis to ADP and P,. Calculate AG for ATP hydrolysis in a cell at 37 °C that contains [ATP] =3 mM, [ADP] =1mM, and [P] =1 mM.1. a. Calculate the physiological DG of the reaction shown below at 37°C, as it occurs in the cytosol ofneurons, with phosphocreatine at 4.7 mM, creatine at 1.0 mM, ADP at 0.73 mM, and ATP at 2.6mM. The standard free energy change for the overall reaction is –12.5 kJ/mol. Phosphocreatine + ADP ® creatine + ATP b. The enzyme phosphoglucomutase catalyzes the conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose6-phosphate. Calculate the standard free energy change of this reaction if incubation of 20 mMglucose 1-phosphate (no glucose-6 phosphate initially present) yields a final equilibrium mixtureof 1.0 mM glucose 1-phosphate and 19 mM glucose 6-phosphate at 25°C and pH 7.0. c. If the rate of a nonenzymatic reaction is 1.2 x 10–2 μM s–1, what is the rate of the reaction at 37℃ inthe presence of an enzyme that reduces the activation energy by 30.5 kJ/mol?
- Free energy changes under intracellular conditions differ markedly from those determined under standard conditions. ΔG°′ = -32.2 kJ/mol for ATP hydrolysis to ADP and Pi. Calculate ΔG for ATP hydrolysis in a cell at 37 °C that contains [ATP] = 3 mM, [ADP] = 1 mM, and 3Pi4 = 1 mM.1. Compute the total ATP produced in the catabolism of 1 mole of GLUCOSE. Show your computations.Inside cells, the AG value for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pi is approximately -50 kJ/mol (-12 kcal/mol). Calculate the approximate ratio of [ATP] to [ADP][Pi ] in cells at 37°C. AG = AG + RT InKe R= 8.315 x 10³ kJ mol deg T= 298 K Table 15.1 Standard free energies of hydrolysis of some phosphorylated compounds Compound kJ mol- kcal mol- Phosphoenolpyruvate 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate Creatine phosphate ATP (to ADP) -61.9 -14.8 -49.4 -11.8 -43.1 -10.3 -30.5 - 7.3 - 5.0 Glucose 1-phosphate Pyrophosphate Glucose 6-phosphate -20.9 -19.3 -4.6 -13.8 3.3 Glycerol 3-phosphate - 9.2 2.2 biochemistry