1. Sketching curves. Suppose that the production technology for our class restaurant changes (as depicted below). Our technology is such that we need to hire a minimum amount of labor LMIN before we can produce any meals. Moreover, suppose we are in the short run and our capital is fixed (K = K) and that the rental price of capital is r>0. Using the short run production function, illustrated below, sketch: (a) The marginal and average product curves. (b) The short run cost curve (label this curve TCK-K). (c) The marginal and average cost curves. Production Function $ q/L 0 LMIN TPK 0 $/91 I q
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- Problem 5 The production function of COVID vaccines for firm O is given by v° = VKL. and requires at least one unit of labor L and one unit of capital K, i.e. L>1 und K > 1. a) After a year and some thorough research, the production function changes to VO = V4KL. (I) Compute the marginal products with respect to labor L and capital K for both production functions ! (II) Which company's the marginal products is/are larger ? What happened to the original level of production after a year ? (III) Do the production functions exhibit increasing, constant or decreasing returns to scale ? b) Suppose now, we compare production functions of company O that discovered the vaccine to a second company M. The production function of M is given by VM = K0.6 L0.4 (I) Compute the marginal products with respect to labor L and capital K for this pro- duction function ! (II) If both companies used the same equal amount of labor L and capital K, which of them will generate more output ? (III) If the…2) The general Cobb-Douglas production function for two inputs is given by: q = f (k, l) = AKªL® where 0 0, f¡ > 0, frk 0. b.) Show that = a and ɛg,i Eq,k B (Note that ɛ's are elasticities). || C.) Show that, for this Cobb-Douglas function, production is CRS if a + ß = 1.The Acme Anvil Company's output is given by the Cobb-Douglas Production function P = 60L2/3 K1/3, where P is the number of anvils produced when Lis the amount spent on labor and K is the amount spent on capital. a. What is the production if L = 150 and K = 150? b. Find the marginal productivities. C. Evaluate the marginal productivities with L = 150 and K = 150. d. Interpret the meanings of the marginal productivities found in part c. e. If their budget is $300 then there is a constraint L+ K = 300. Use Lagrange multipliers (2) to find the values of L and K that will maximize production and find the maximum production f. Find 2. 12| is called the marginal productivity of money and will give the number additional units produced for each dollar increase in the budget. Interpret 2 for this problem. MacBook Pro urses/34419/files/5014304?wrap=1
- 6. The Miller Company is trying to determine the combination of inputs to produce a specific volume of bar stools ordered. The production function for the firm is given: Q = 14LK? The wage of a worker is $80/day and the price of a machine is $240/day. If they need to produce 4,536 bar stools per day: a. What is the optimal combination of Labor and Capital, i.e. find the cost-minimizing combination of inputs to produce 4,536 bar stools? b. What is the total cost of using the inputs found in part a?Fill in the missing parts in the following tables to illustrate the behavior of production and costs in the short-run; then determine the optimal level of production according to the number of inputs you are intending to use. Output Units Land Square Meters Capital Egyptian Pounds Labor Units 0 1000 1600 2100 2500 2600 Output FC VC TC MCL MPL AVC AFC ATC 0 1000 1600 2100 2500 2600 -Hint Consider land and capital as fixed factors, while labor units as variable factors. The cost of land is L.E20 per square meter. The interest rate on capital is 10%. The average wages per unit of labor is L.E1500.If capital and labour are perfect complements then the marginal products of capital and labour are undefined A True Faise Question 16 A firm uses 10 units of labour and 20 units of capital to produce 10 units of output. The marginal product of labour is 0.5. If there are constant returns to scale the marginal product of labour must be 0.25 True B False Question 17 Afirm uses 10 units of labour and 30 units of capital to produce 10 units of output. The marginal product of labour is 05. If there are constant returns to scale the marginal product of labout must be 0.25 A True False
- Suppose the production function for high quality brandy is given by : Q = √KL Where q is the output of brandy per week and L is labor hours per week ., in the short run K is fixed at 100, so the short run production function is Q = 10√L a. Ifthecapitalrentsfor10$andthewageare5$perhour.,writetheshortruntotalcost function. b. How much will the firm produce at a price of 20$ per bottles of brandy ? c. Howmanylaborhourswillbehiredperweek?2. The Acme Anvil Company's output is given by the Cobb-Douglas Production function P = 60L2/3K1/3, where P is the number of anvils produced when L is the amount spent on labor and K is the amount spent on capital. a. What is the production if L = 150 and K = 150? b. Find the marginal productivities. c. Evaluate the marginal productivities with L = 150 and K = 150. d. Interpret the meanings of the marginal productivities found in part c. e. If their budget is $300 then there is a constraint L+ K = 300. Use Lagrange multipliers (2) to find the values of L and K that will maximize production and find the maximum production f. Find 2. 12| is called the marginal productivity of money and will give the number additional units produced for each dollar increase in the budget. Interpret 2 for this problem. Only need paVAS e and flDigging calms by hand in Sunset Bay requires only labor input. The total number of calms obtained per hour (q) is given by :Q = 100√LWhere L is labor input per hour. A. Graph the relationship between q an LB. What the average productivity of labor in Sunset Bay? Graph this relationship and show that output per unit of labor input diminishes for increase in labor input. C. It can be shown that the marginal productivity of labor in Sunset By is given by:MPL =50√LGraph this relationship and show that labor’s marginal productivity is less than average productivity for all values of L . Explain why this is do.D. Explain the concept of diminishing returns to labor and how this concept related to increasing marginal costs.