Basic Coordinates & Seasons – Student Guide
There are three main sections to this module: terrestrial coordinates, celestial equatorial coordinates, and understanding how the ecliptic is related to seasons on the Earth. Each of these sections has its own simulator(s). The background material necessary to utilize these tools is contained in each section.
Terrestrial Coordinates
Work through the explanatory material on units of longitude and latitude, finding longitude and latitude, and a bit of history (optional). * Open the flat map explorer. * Familiarize yourself with the cursor and how it prints out the longitude and latitude of the active map location. * Note that you can vary the central meridian of the map
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What is its shape?
Answer: The north pole is located on the top and is a flat line
B) Where is the north pole on the globe explorer? What is its shape?
Answer: Top of the globe and is a dot
C) Your answers to parts A and B should be different. Explain why. Answer: Flat map is laid out in a flat grid map and the globe is an interactive ‘globe’ that shows true position.
Question 5: Compare the relative sizes of Greenland and Australia in the two maps? The true values of the surface areas for these countries are Greenland (2.2 million km2) and Australia (7.7 million km2). Does each map demonstrate these true values?
Flat map makes Greenland look much bigger than Australia, but in the global is the actual true map as the earth really is (spherical)
Celestial Equatorial Coordinates
Work through the introductory material on the page entitled Celestial Equator, Declination, Right Ascension. * Open either the Flat Sky Map Explorer or the Sky Map Explorer. * Familiarize yourself with the same set of features (cursor movement, shifting the map, decimal/sexagesimal) that were available on the previous maps. * Make sure that you understand what each check box does. Question 6: Where is the star Polaris located on this map? What are its coordinates?
Delta = 89.2 degrees / Alpha – 2.5h
Question 7: Find the constellation of Orion shown in
11. The horizontal distance in Figure 5 is measured in km from 77° W eastward to 71° W, covering a total length of about 550 km. The average maximum depth of the nearly horizontal eastern portion of the profile is about 4400 m. Compare this vertical cross-section with Figure 1. Figure 5 most closely resembles the [(left)(middle)(right)] portion of Figure 1.
Vocabulary: direct sunlight, Earth’s axis, equator, indirect sunlight, northern hemisphere, North Pole, season, solstice, southern hemisphere, South Pole, summer solstice, winter solstice
2. (a) Were latitude the only control of temperature, the isotherms would run straight across the maps from east to west. Describe one region of the world where this hypothetical isotherm pattern is actually observed.
* Open the globe explorer. You are encouraged to use the Terrestrial Coordinate Explorers link which opens both simulators at the same time for the following two questions. Familiarize yourself with the features noting that they are very similar to those in the flat map explorer.
1: Describe the relationship between the UV Index (the colored bar in Figure 1) and latitude (y-axis).
input the latitude and longitude into a website that puts latitude and longitude coordinates on a
What are coordinate and projection systems, and what is their purpose in defining geographic information?
Maps often contain a scale to indicate to the reader how far a given distance on a map is in the real world.
Prime Meridian - imaginary line at 0° longitude that connects the North and South poles and divides the earth into the western and eastern hemispheres
Instead of maps we use navigation systems, which tell us where to go and what the
1. Describe the problems that arise when the curves of a globe become straight lines on a map. Answer: The problem is that distortion can happen in shape, distance, area or direction.
To further explore how the Earth rotates around it axis. Introduce words such as ‘axis’ and ‘tilt’.
Tools used to measure latitude (Lesson 02.01) (use the first resource in this lesson to help you)
Attention Gainer: *draws a huge circle representing Iceland* *smacks the whiteboard* ICELAND IS GREEN… GREENLAND IS ICE...
Maps are summarized real word for particular purposes and humans read maps to make a decision in real world. The position of map reader is essential for finding relevant information through the map. Therefore, the map reader position was explicitly indicated in the