Chapter Seven: The Jeffersonian Era I. The Rise of Cultural Nationalism A. Patterns of Education 1. Central to the Republican vision was the concept of a virtuous and enlightened citizenry. 2. Republicans believed in the establishment of a nationwide system of public schools to create the educated electorate they believe a republic required. 3. A Massachusetts law of 1789 reaffirmed the colonial laws by which each town was obligated to support a school, but there was little enforcement. 4. Schooling became primarily of private institutions, most of which were open only to those who could afford to pay for them. 5. Many were frankly aristocratic in outlook, training their students to become members of the nation’s elite. 6. In …show more content…
3. Deists, including Jefferson and Franklin, accepted the existence of God, but considered Him a remote being who, after having created the universe, had withdrawn from direct involvement with the human race and its sins. 4. Religious skepticism also produced the philosophies of “universalism” and “Unitarianism,” which emerged at first as dissenting views within the New England Congregational Church. 5. Deism, Universalism, Unitarianism, and other rational religions seemed more powerful than they actually were because for a time traditional evangelicals were confused and disorganized. Subsection Summary: Religious skepticism staged a dramatic comeback in the form of a wave of revivalism. E. The Second Great Awakening 1. The origins of the Second Great Awakening lay in the efforts of conservative theologians of the 1790s to fight the spread of religious rationalism, and in the efforts of church establishments to revitalize their organizations. 2. Leaders of several different denominations participated in the evangelizing efforts that drove the revival—Presbyterians, Methodism, and Baptists. 3. By 1800, the revivalists’ energies of all these dominations were combing to create the greatest surge of evangelical fervor since the first Great Awakening. 4. The message of the Second Great Awakening was not entirely consistent, but its basic thrust was clear and the wave of
While new religious ideas fanned out and denominations proliferated, social activism, in response, also began to escalate. The Second Great Awakening stirred the initiation of
Nevertheless in embracing the ideals and responsibilities of a republican government, Americans were adopting a powerful, new ideology, and their experiment in statecraft became a model for many other countries.
Classical Republicanism placed the needs of the people of the community above individual liberty and self-determination. These citizens were taught to work together to promote the good of the country. They were not about working for private interest. Classical republicans believed that people had to work together to maintain their republic and keep it free from
The Second Great Awakening refers to a period of religious revivals that occurred in the United States in the 1830s. After this, many more Americans became Christians. The Second Great Awakening made Americans want to reform the United States. Reformers began gathering many social and political changes. There was a push to prohibit alcoholic beverages, to increase public education, to support rights for women, and to outlaw war. One of the movements to arise out of the Reform movements was the Abolition Movement which called for immediate end for slavery. Therefore, the Second Great Awakening and the reform movements that it inspired helped
The Second Great Awakening revolved around the new concept of national reform through religious and moral changes. These changes and transitions occurred for the benefit of the country, by withdrawing the negative aspects of society such as alcohol overuse, low quality education and prisons, and most notably slavery. Religious leaders encouraged salvation and worshipping the Christian God to be best solution for successfully reforming and improving the nation’s predicaments. Religious ideas had a remarkable role constructing reform movements in the first half of the nineteenth century in behalf of religion offering the most moral and logical path towards a better society. People of the United States were in necessity of reforms, applying the religious ideas opened up new resolutions for all classes, races, and groups of people.
Between 1820 and 1860, Americans constructed 40,000 new churches compared to the 10,000 they constructed in the 40 years before 1820. At the end of the revival period, ”one-third of all Americans attended church regularly.”(P.400) Many of the early revival preachers embraced Christian evangelicalism, the established groups sought to take advantage of the popular enthusiasm to build their particular denominations. Methodists and the Baptists established themselves as leading American denominations as a result of the Second Great Awakening. The two faiths had a mutual sense of affinity with regard to doctrine, but the Baptists created a radically decentralized hierarchy that empowered local ministers and individual churches.
The First Great Awakening was a religious movement that took place between 1720 and 1750, affecting every colony and greatly affecting history (Garrigus). People started feeling that religion was dull and not as significant as it once was seen (Ppt). Preachers began to feel like people were not putting their emotions on their faith. They wanted people to be physically and emotionally involved (Garrigus). This is where Christians began to turn away from the standard approach of worship. The Great Awakening created a substantial change on how early American’s viewed worship, social standards, political standards, economical standards, and Christianity.
The Second Great Awakening accentuated belief and impacted later change developments, for example, those concerning moderation, instruction, ladies' rights, and eradication. The Second Great Awakening and the reform developments that grew all through the historical America had to do with enhancing the "ethical strength" of the country. The Great Awakening was a spiritual development, so these changes happened in light of the fact that liquor, education, ladies' rights, and nullification were incorporated with religion. In the late 1820s, a few campaigners composed the Temperance Movement. This development was a crusade against liquor misuse. Some felt that the utilization and creation of liquor ought to be limited for it totally conflicted
The Second Great Awakening was a religious movement that took place in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. Around the same time, the concepts of Jacksonian democracy was becoming increasingly more well known. This idea stressed the importance of the common individual. It focused on the ordinary people and what they thought about government. Jacksonian democracy also clarified that slavery is an issue. Religiously, The Second Great Awakening strongly The religious concept of earning salvation that grew popular as a result of the Second Great Awakening impacted social reforms such as the temperance and abolitionist movements, prison and education reform, and the formation of Utopian societies. The Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival movement during the 19th century that challenged women’s traditional roles in religion. The Second Great Awakening gave women a more effective role in society. For Elijah Pierson and his wife
Deism began to emerge in the seventeenth century as philosophers, authors, and others began to focus on reason, and their knowledge, "Deism is the historical result of the decay of robust Christian theism. That is, specific commitments and beliefs of traditional Christianity are gradually abandoned" (Sire 2009 pg: 53). During that time theology had shaped the way of politics and structures of government. These free-thinkers challenged and rebelled against traditional Christianity. A theist believes God as the creator of the universe but much more than that; they see God as personal, involved, concerned,
Republicanism is the belief of being a citizen in a country in which the people are the authority of their particular state and the entire country’s government is created and sustained by the consent of them, through their elected representatives. “The government should be bound by fixed laws, which the people have a voice in making, and a right to defend." said John Adams at the Virginia Convention. In our country, we have voted for 435 Representatives and 100 Senators to help make our nation’s laws. Republicanism has been a major part of American civic since its founding. It stresses liberty and unalienable rights as central values, giving people power as a whole, rejects upper class and inherited political power, expects citizens to be independent
The Ten Greatest Revivals Ever personally brought the power of prayer to an impactful reality through the amazing revivals that have taken place. One of the key characteristics one notices is that a prayer church started with a praying leader.9 As a leader in the church, I know I have personally become complacent. Praying for revival, that the Lord takes my town by fire for His glory, without having the real expectation that it could happen tomorrow or even within the next hour.
At times, the specific religious traditions, practices, and beliefs of the past are not enough to fill the spiritual void of the modern human being. Even more, a single religion alone may not hold all of the answers to satisfy one’s desire for enlightenment, and many choose a new path. This is the path that led to the creation of the religious denomination of Unitarian Universalism.
During the “Age of Enlightenment”, science and independent thinking are also encouraged; this is called rationalism. Now, we maintain “that reason is the only valid sources of knowledge about the world “and “supernatural thoughts are unscientific and unfounded” (Paden 16). Everything, we were taught to believe is questioned; the very concept of religion is under scrutiny.