University Physics Volume 1
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168277
Author: William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny
Publisher: OpenStax - Rice University
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Chapter 8, Problem 8.11CYU
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It will launch a 25 g projectile to a range of 2.15 m when it is launched at an angle of 45 degrees. You can use this information to find the initial velocity of the ball, of course, (and you should).
Therefore, you should be able to calculate how much energy the spring in the projectile launcher must impart to the ball as it is being launched.
The ball is pushed back 7.5 cm in the projectile launcher in order to getit ready to fire.
What is the spring constant of the projectile launcher?
You have been asked to design a "ballistic spring system" to measure the speed of bullets. A bullet of mass m is fired into a block of mass M. The block, with the embedded bullet, then slides across a frictionless table and collides with a horizontal spring whose spring constant is k. The opposite end of the spring is anchored to a wall. The spring's maximum compression d is measured.What was the speed of a 2.1 g bullet if the block's mass is 1.5 kg and if the spring, with k = 40 N/m , was compressed by 15 cm ?
I Review I Constants
Block A in (Figure 1) has mass 1.00 kg, and block B
has mass 3.00 kg. The blocks are forced together,
compressing a spring S between them; then the system
is released from rest on a level, frictionless surface. The
spring, which has negligible mass, is not fastened to
either block and drops to the surface after it has
expanded. Block B acquires a speed of 1.60 m/s.
Part A
What is the final speed of block A?
Express your answer in meters per second.
ΑΣφ
V =
m/s
Figure
1 of 1
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Part B
How much potential energy was stored in the compressed spring?
mĄ = 1.00 kg
S
mg = 3.00 kg
Express your answer in joules.
Πν ΑΣφ
?
U =
%3D
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Chapter 8 Solutions
University Physics Volume 1
Ch. 8 - Check Your understanding In Example 8.1 what are...Ch. 8 - Check Your Understanding What are the values of...Ch. 8 - Check Your Understanding When the length of the...Ch. 8 - Check Your Understanding Suppose the mass in...Ch. 8 - Check Your Understanding A two-dimensional,...Ch. 8 - Check Your Understanding Fend the forces on the...Ch. 8 - Check Your Understanding How high above the bottom...Ch. 8 - Check Your Understanding You probably recall that,...Ch. 8 - Check Your Understanding What potential energy...Ch. 8 - Check Your Understanding Repeat Example 8.10 when...
Ch. 8 - Check Your Understanding Find x(t) for the...Ch. 8 - The kinetic energy of a system must always be...Ch. 8 - The force exerted by a diving board is...Ch. 8 - Describe the gravitational potential energy...Ch. 8 - A couple of soccer balls of equal mass are kiched...Ch. 8 - What is the dominant factor that affects the speed...Ch. 8 - Two people observe a leaf falling from a tree. One...Ch. 8 - What is the physical meaning of a non-conservative...Ch. 8 - A bottle rocket is shot straight up in the air...Ch. 8 - An external force acts on a particle during a trip...Ch. 8 - When a body slides down an inclined plane, does...Ch. 8 - Consider the following scenario. A car for which...Ch. 8 - A dropped ball bounces to one-half its original...Ch. 8 - “ E=K+Uconstant is a special case of the work...Ch. 8 - In a common physics demonstration, a bowling ball...Ch. 8 - A child jumps tip and down on a bed, reaching a...Ch. 8 - Can a non-conservative force increase the...Ch. 8 - Neglecting air resistance, how much would I have...Ch. 8 - A box is dropped onto a spring at its equilibrium...Ch. 8 - Using values from Table 8.1, how many DNA...Ch. 8 - If the energy in fusion bombs were used to supply...Ch. 8 - A camera weighing 10 N falls from a small drone...Ch. 8 - Someone drops a 50 — g pebble off of a docked...Ch. 8 - A cat’s crinkle ball toy of mass 15 g is thrown...Ch. 8 - A force F(x)=(3.0/x)N acts on a particle as it...Ch. 8 - A force F(x)=(5.0x2+7.0x)N acts on a particle as...Ch. 8 - Find the force corresponding to the potential...Ch. 8 - The potential energy function for either one of...Ch. 8 - A particle of mass 2.0 kg moves under the...Ch. 8 - A particle of mass 2.0 kg moves under the...Ch. 8 - A crate on rollers is being pushed without...Ch. 8 - A boy throws a ball of mass 0.25 kg straight...Ch. 8 - A mouse of mass 200 g falls 100 m down a vertical...Ch. 8 - Using energy considerations and assuming...Ch. 8 - A 1.0-kg ball at the end of a 2.0-m string swings...Ch. 8 - Ignoring details associated with friction, extra...Ch. 8 - Tarzan grabs a vine hanging vertically from a tall...Ch. 8 - Assume that the force of a bow on an arrow behaves...Ch. 8 - A 100 — kg man is skiing across level ground at a...Ch. 8 - A sled of mass 70 kg starts from rest and slides...Ch. 8 - A girl on a skateboard (total mass of 40 kg) is...Ch. 8 - A baseball of mass 0.25 kg is hit at home plate...Ch. 8 - A small block of mass in slides without friction...Ch. 8 - The massless spring of a spring gun has a force...Ch. 8 - A small ball is tied to a string and set rotating...Ch. 8 - A mysterious constant force of 10 N acts...Ch. 8 - A single force F(x)=4.0x (in newtons) acts on a...Ch. 8 - A particle of mass 4.0 kg is constrained to move...Ch. 8 - The force on a particle of mass 2.0 kg varies with...Ch. 8 - A 4.0-kg particle moving along the x -axis is...Ch. 8 - A particle of mass 0.50 kg moves along the x -axis...Ch. 8 - (a) Sketch a graph of the potential energy...Ch. 8 - In the cartoon movie Pocahontas...Ch. 8 - In the reality television show “Amazing Race”...Ch. 8 - In the Back to the Future movies...Ch. 8 - In the Hunger Games movie...Ch. 8 - In a “Top Fail” video...Ch. 8 - In a Coyote/Road Runner cartoon clip...Ch. 8 - In an iconic movie scene, Forrest Gump...Ch. 8 - In the movie Monty Python and the Holy Grail...Ch. 8 - A 60.0-kg skier with an initial speed of 12.0 m/s...Ch. 8 - (a) How high a hill can a car coast up (engines...Ch. 8 - A 5.00105kg subway train is brought to a stop from...Ch. 8 - A pogo stick has a spring with a spring constant...Ch. 8 - A block of mass 500 g is attached to a spring of...Ch. 8 - A block of mass 200 g is attached at the end of a...Ch. 8 - A T-shirt cannon launches a shirt at 5.00 m/s from...Ch. 8 - A child (32 kg) jumps up and down on a trampoline....Ch. 8 - Shown below is a box of mass m1 that sits on a...Ch. 8 - A massless spring with force constant k=200N/m...Ch. 8 - A particle of mass 2.0 kg moves under the...Ch. 8 - Block 2 shown below slides along a frictionless...Ch. 8 - A body of mass m and negligible size starts from...Ch. 8 - A mysterious force acts on all particles along a...Ch. 8 - An object of mass 10 kg is released at point A,...Ch. 8 - Shown below is a small ball of mass m attached to...Ch. 8 - A block leaves a frictionless inclined surface...Ch. 8 - A block of mass m, after sliding down a...Ch. 8 - A block of mass 300 g is attached to a spring of...Ch. 8 - Consider a block of mass 0.200 kg attached to a...Ch. 8 - A skier starts from rest and slides downhill. What...Ch. 8 - Repeat the preceding problem, but this time,...Ch. 8 - Two bodies are interacting by a conservative force...Ch. 8 - In an amusement park, a car rolls in a track as...Ch. 8 - A 200-g steel ball is tied to a 2.00m “massless”...Ch. 8 - A 300 g hockey puck is shot across an ice-covered...Ch. 8 - A projectile of mass 2 kg is fired with a speed of...Ch. 8 - An artillery shell is fired at a target 200 m...Ch. 8 - How much energy is lost to a dissipative drag...Ch. 8 - A box slides on a frictionless surface with a...
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- An inclined plane of angle = 20.0 has a spring of force constant k = 500 N/m fastened securely at the bottom so that the spring is parallel to the surface as shown in Figure P6.61. A block of mass m = 2.50 kg is placed on the plane at a distance d = 0.300 m from the spring. From this position, the block is projected downward toward the spring with speed v = 0.750 m/s. By what distance is the spring compressed when the block momentarily comes to rest?arrow_forwardCheck Your Understanding There is a second solution to the system of equations solved in this example (because the energy equation is quadratic): v1.f=-2.5m/s , v2.f=0 . This solution is unacceptable on physical grounds; what’s with it?arrow_forward(a) Sketch a graph of the potential energy function U(x)=kx2/2+Aex2 where k , A, and are constants. (b) What is the force corresponding to this potential energy? (c) Suppose a particle of mass in moving with this potential energy has a velocity v when its position is x = . Show that the particle does not pass 2+2 through the origin unless Amv2=k22(1e a 2 ) .arrow_forward
- A block is placed on top of a vertical spring, and the spring compresses. Figure P8.24 depicts a moment in time when the spring is compressed by an amount h. a. To calculate the change in the gravitational and elastic potential energies, what must be included in the system? b. Find an expression for the change in the systems potential energy in terms of the parameters shown in Figure P8.24. c. If m = 0.865 kg and k = 125 N/m, find the change in the systems potential energy when the blocks displacement is h = 0.0650 m, relative to its initial position. FIGURE P8.24arrow_forwardTwo blocks of masses m and 3m are placed on a frictionless, horizontal surface. A light spring is attached to the more massive block, and the blocks are pushed together with the spring between them (Fig. P8.7). A cord initially holding the blocks together is burned; after that happens, the block of mass 3m moves to the right with a speed of 2.00 m/s. (a) What is the velocity of the block of mass m? (b) Find the systems original elastic potential energy, taking m = 0.350 kg. (c) Is the original energy in the spring or in the cord? (d) Explain your answer to part (c). (e) Is the momentum of the system conserved in the bursting-apart process? Explain how that is possible considering (f) there are large forces acting and (g) there is no motion beforehand and plenty of motion afterward? Figure P8.7arrow_forwardAn inclined plane of angle has a spring of force constant k fastened securely at the bottom so that the spring is parallel to the surface. A block of mass m is placed on the plane at a distance d from the spring. From this position, the block is projected downward toward the spring with speed v as shown in Figure P7.47. By what distance is the spring compressed when the block momentarily comes to rest?arrow_forward
- You hold a slingshot at arms length, pull the light elastic band back to your chin, and release it to launch a pebble horizontally with speed 200 cm/s. With the same procedure, you fire a bean with speed 600 cm/s. What is the ratio of the mass of the bean to the mass of the pebble? (a) 19 (b) 13 (c) 1 (d) 3 (e) 9arrow_forwardA 6 000-kg freight car rolls along rails with negligible friction. The car is brought to rest by a combination of two coiled springs as illustrated in Figure P6.27 (page 188). Both springs are described by Hookes law and have spring constants k1 = 1 600 N/m and k2, = 3 400 N/m. After the first spring compresses a distance of 30.0 cm, the second spring acts with the first to increase the force as additional compression occurs as shown in the graph. The car comes to rest 50.0 cm after first contacting the two-spring system. Find the cars initial speed.arrow_forwardEstimate the kinetic energy of the following: a. An ant walking across the kitchen floor b. A baseball thrown by a professional pitcher c. A car on the highway d. A large truck on the highwayarrow_forward
- Assume that the force of a bow on an arrow behaves like the spring force. In aiming the arrow, an archer pulls the bow back 50 cm and holds it in position with a force of 150 N. If the mass of the arrow is 50 g and the “spring” is massless, what is the speed of the arrow immediately after it leaves the bow?arrow_forwardA massless spring of constant k = 78.4 N/m is fixed on the left side of a level track. A block of mass m = 0.50 kg is pressed against the spring and compresses it a distance d, as in Figure P7.74. The block (initially at rest) is then released and travels toward a circular loop-the-loop of radius R = 1.5 m. The entire track and the loop-the-loop are frictionless, except for the section of track between points A and B. Given that the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the track along AB is k = 0.30 and that the length of AB is 2.5 m, determine the minimum compression d of the spring that enables the block to just make it through the loop-the-loop at point C. Hint: The force exerted by the track on the block will be zero if the block barely makes it through the loop-the-loop. Figure P7.74arrow_forwardA horizontal spring attached to a wall has a force constant of k = 770 N/m. A block of mass m = 1.60 kg is attached to the spring and rests on a frictionless, horizontal surface. Find - What is the speed of the block when it is at a position xi/2 = 2.90 cm?arrow_forward
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