Modern Physics
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781111794378
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 11Q
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Are the particles even things.
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Richard Feynman, in his book The Character of Physical Law, states: “A philosopher once said, ‘It is necessary for the very existence of science that the same conditions always produce the same results.’ Well, they don’t!” Who was speaking of classical physics, and who was speaking of quantum physics?
Do you think it is reasonable to describe the Schrodinger equation as a postulate of quantum mechanics? What is a postulate?
One can now use integrated-circuit technology to manufacture a "box" that traps electrons in a region only a few nanometers wide. Imagine that we make an essentially one-dimensional box with a length of 3 nanometers. Suppose we put 10 electrons in such a box and allow them to settle into the lowest possible energy states consistent with the Pauli exclusion principle.
a) What will be the value of the highest energy level occupied by at least one electron?
b) What will be the electrons' total energy (ignoring their electrostatic repulsion)?
c) How would your answers to the above be different if the electrons were bosons instead of fermions?
d) What is the wavelength of the lowest energy photon that can be absorbed (the electrons in this box are fermions)?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Modern Physics
Ch. 5.1 - A 0.20-kg ball is thrown upward. How much work is...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 5ECh. 5 - Prob. 1QCh. 5 - Prob. 2QCh. 5 - Prob. 3QCh. 5 - Prob. 4QCh. 5 - Prob. 5QCh. 5 - Prob. 7QCh. 5 - Prob. 8QCh. 5 - Prob. 9Q
Ch. 5 - Prob. 10QCh. 5 - Prob. 11QCh. 5 - Prob. 1PCh. 5 - Prob. 2PCh. 5 - Prob. 3PCh. 5 - Prob. 4PCh. 5 - Prob. 5PCh. 5 - Prob. 6PCh. 5 - Prob. 7PCh. 5 - Prob. 8PCh. 5 - Prob. 9PCh. 5 - Prob. 10PCh. 5 - Prob. 11PCh. 5 - Prob. 12PCh. 5 - Prob. 13PCh. 5 - Prob. 14PCh. 5 - Show that the group velocity for a nonrelativistic...Ch. 5 - Prob. 16PCh. 5 - Prob. 17PCh. 5 - Prob. 18PCh. 5 - Prob. 19PCh. 5 - Prob. 20PCh. 5 - Prob. 21PCh. 5 - Prob. 22PCh. 5 - Prob. 23PCh. 5 - Prob. 24PCh. 5 - Prob. 25PCh. 5 - Prob. 26PCh. 5 - Prob. 27PCh. 5 - Prob. 28PCh. 5 - Prob. 29PCh. 5 - Prob. 30PCh. 5 - Prob. 31PCh. 5 - Prob. 32PCh. 5 - Prob. 33PCh. 5 - Prob. 34PCh. 5 - Prob. 35PCh. 5 - Prob. 36PCh. 5 - Prob. 37P
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- What is the wavelength of a photon emitted when an electron jumps from the n=3 to the n=2 energy levels of a lithium atom (Z=3)? Express your answer in nanometers and keep three significant digits.arrow_forwardA general expression for the energy levels of oneelectron atoms and ions is Here µ is the reduced mass of the atom, given by µ = m1m2/(m1 +m2m2), where m1 is the mass of the electron and m2 is the mass of the nucleus; ke is the Coulomb constant; and q1 and q2 are the charges of the electron and the nucleus, respectively. The wavelength for the n = 3 to n = 2 transition of the hydrogen atom is 656.3 nm (visible red light). What are the wavelengths for this same transition in (a) positronium, which consists of an electron and a positron, and (b) singly ionized helium? Note: A positron is a positively charged electron.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not always a property of lasers?(a) All of the photons in laser light have the same phase.(b) All laser photons have nearly identical frequencies.(c) Laser light moves as a beam, spreading out very slowly.(d) Laser light is always brighter than other sources oflight.(e) Lasers depend on an inverted population of atomswhere more atoms occupy a higher energy state thansome lower energy state.arrow_forward
- Question 1: It is not possible to observe the effect of De Broglie wave particle duality and Heisenberg uncertainty principle in daily life. But these two phenomenon are observable in case of subatomic particles like electron. Prove this observation with the help of suitable examples and discussion.arrow_forwardWhy are X-rays emitted only for electron transitions to inner shells? What type of photon is emitted for transitions between outer shells?arrow_forwardHow do the allowed orbits for electrons in atoms differ from the allowed orbits for planets around the sun?arrow_forward
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- (a) LASER is an abbreviation of a word string. Spell it out. (b) Explain the working principle of laser photon emission by using the concepts “population inversion”, “stimulated emission” and corresponding energy-band diagrams. (c) Write down the types of the LASERs you have learnt.arrow_forwardThis question relates to the practicality of searching for intelligent life in other solar systems by detecting their radio broadcasts (or aliens find us from ours). The closest stars are 4 light years away from us. How far away must you be from a 881 kHz radio station with power 50.0 kW for there to be only one photon per second per square meter? Assume that the photons spread out spherically.arrow_forwardConsider an oxygen (O2) molecule in a bottle of air. Imagine that at a certain time, we locate the molecule along the x axis to within an uncertainty of 0.1 nanometers. a) What is the minimum uncertainty in the molecule's x-velocity required by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle? (Hint: the answer is about 10 m/s) b) How does this compare (roughly) to the magnitude of the molecule's average x-velocity due to its thermal motion at room temperature? (Hint: the answer is delta v << average thermal speed) (Hint: Avogadro's number of oxygen molecules has a mass of about 32 grams. At an absolute temperature T, a molecule has an average kinetic energy of 1.5 * kB * T, where kB is Boltzmann's constant. Room temperature is about 295 K).arrow_forward
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