Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393614008
Author: Clark Spencer Larsen
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 4, Problem 4SQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The sickle cell trait describes a condition in which an individual has one abnormal hemoglobin beta gene allele, but it does not show the severe symptoms of the sickle-cell disease in an individual who has two copies of that allele.
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There is a population of cats and 16% of the cats this population show a recessive trait.
a. What is the frequency of the recessive allele?
b. What is the frequency of the dominant genotype?
c. What is the frequency of cats with the heterozygous genotype?
Do you think the allele for sickle cell anemia would be common in regions where malaria did not exist? Explain why or why not.
In parts of equatorial Africa, where the malaria parasite is most common, the sickle-cell allele constitutes 20% of the ß-hemoglobin alleles in the human gene pool. The sickle cell trait provides an advantage against
malaria compared to people with normal hemoglobin. In the United States, the parasite that causes malaria is not present, but African Americans whose ancestors were from equatorial Africa have the sickle-cell B-
hemoglobin allele. These differences in traits illustrate
O inclusive fitness because people have evolved molecular differences to adapt to environmental stimuli
O inclusive fitness because ß-hemoglobin increases the proliferation of beneficial traits in the population
O relative fitness because people have evolved molecular differences to an environmental pathogen
O relative fitness because the molecular differences in ß-hemoglobin are passed to the next generation
Chapter 4 Solutions
Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology (Fourth Edition)
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- According to "The Complex Evolution of Homo sapiens", what is the significance of the L3 gene and who was the L3 woman? A.Only individuals within North and South America descended from the L3 woman. B.All individuals within Africa are descended from the L3 woman. C.All individuals outside of Africa and who live in the Old World are descended from the L3 woman. D.All individuals outside of Africa are descended from the L3 womanarrow_forwardAbout 9 percent of Caucasian males are color-blind andcannot distinguish red-colored from green-coloredobjects.a. Offer one genetic model for color blindness.b. Explain why and how color blindness has reached afrequency of 9 percent in this populationarrow_forwardScientists have concluded that the AS genotype as an adaptation for survival in Africa. Support the conclusion in terms of natural selection A. The frequency of the AS allele increases proportionately to the number of Africans in the population B. Because Malaria does not exist in the U.S and the AS allele does not provide any advantage to survival there. C. As the frequency of Malaria increases so does the frequency of the AS allele combination as it protects against getting Malaria D. Those without the AS genotype die out due to sickle cell disease; the populations left with a greater allelic frequency of the AS genotypearrow_forward
- it is believed that the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene conferred protection to carriers during the cholera epidemics of the Middle Ages. The CF gene frequency would be expected to do what in those populations? become sex-linked recessive b. decrease c. stay the same d. increasearrow_forwardWhy is it that the allele coding for darker skin did not evolve to protect us from skin cancer? A. Darker skin did develop to protect us from skin cancer B. Because skin cancer usually develops before an individual's reproductive years, so it doesn't affect the ability for someone to pass on their genes. C. Because skin cancer isn't harmful D. Because skin cancer usually develops after an individual's reproductive years, so it doesn't affect the ability for someone to pass on their genesarrow_forwardHow does inbreeding increase the probabilities of recessive disorders? a. Carriers have an increased chance of reproducing together to produce a homozygous recessive condition b. Homozygous recessive individuals are more likely to live an reproduce when based within strong families c. Spontaneous mutations are increased when closely related organisms reproduce successively d. The probability that individuals who are homozygous recessive increase as the heterozygous conditions increasearrow_forward
- Which of the following would not be consistent with the ideathat a disorder has a genetic component?a. The disorder is more likely to occur among an affectedperson’s relatives than in the general population.b. The disorder can spread to individuals sharing similarenvironments.c. The disorder tends to develop at a characteristic age.d. A correlation is observed between the disorder and amutant gene.arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions: a. A gene has 2 alleles, R and B. List the possible genotypes. b. If there are 40 individuals in a population and all 40 have the genotype RB, what is the frequency of the R allele? c. If there are 40 individuals in a population and 10 are RR, 20 are RB, and 10 BB, what is the frequency of the R allele? d. If there are 40 individuals in a population and 10 are RR, 10 are RB, and 20 BB, what is the frequency of the R allele?arrow_forwardWhy are monozygotic twins genetically identical, whereas dizygotic twins share only 50% of their genes on average?a. Monozygotic twins tend to look more similar.b. Monozygotic twins develop from two different eggs fertilized by the same sperm, whereas dizygotic twins develop from two eggs fertilized by two different sperm.c. Monozygotic twins develop from a single egg fertilized by one sperm, whereas dizygotic twins develop from a single egg fertilized by two different sperm.d. Monozygotic twins develop from a single egg fertilized by a single sperm, whereas dizygotic twins develop from two eggs fertilized by two different sperm.arrow_forward
- Describe the effect of malaria on the frequency of the HbS allele in areas where malaria is common:In areas with malaria, which individual would survive better and leave more offspring- an individual with two HbA alleles or an individual with one HbA allele and one HbS allele? Given this, would you expect the HbS allele to be common or rare in populations living with malaria?arrow_forwardUse the following additional passage to answer the next question. Suppose you travel to the future, to a time when neither cystic fibrosis nor tuberculosis have caused any deaths for many generations. In all of these future populations, the cystic fibrosis allele still exists at a low frequency. Q10. You visit a huge city with millions of people. If you were to start sampling the cystic fibrosis allele from one generation to the next, what should happen to its frequency over the next few generations, and why? O The allele frequency should change a lot from one generation to the next due to random genetic drift. O The allele frequency should not change much from one generation to the next because the population is large. O The allele frequency should steadily increase due to natural selection. O The allele frequency should steadily decrease due to natural selection.arrow_forwardWhat is the selective factor, or selective environment, which allows carriers of the sickle-cell allele to have higher fitness than other genotypes? Group of answer choices A-Africa B-sickle-cell disease C-AIDS D-malariaarrow_forward
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