Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781133939146
Author: Katz, Debora M.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 39, Problem 76PQ
(a)
To determine
The rest mass energy of the sun.
(b)
To determine
The mass lost per second by the sun if the power
(c)
To determine
The percentage of the sun’s mass radiated each second.
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5. The Sun radiates about 4.00 x1026 J of energy into space each second.
a. How much mass does the Sun lose each second due to this radiation?
b.
If the mass of the Sun is 2.00 x1030 kg, how long can the Sun survive if the energy release
continues at the present rate?
Energy in the sun is produced by the fusion of four hydrogen atoms into a helium atom. The process involves several steps, but the net reaction is simply 41H → 4He + energy. Given this, you can say thatA. One helium atom has more mass than four hydrogen atoms.B. One helium atom has less mass than four hydrogen atoms.C. One helium atom has the same mass as four hydrogen atoms.
The following quotation is taken from the article “Quantum Black Holes”, by Bernard J. Carr and Steven B. Giddings, in the
May 2005 issue of Scientific American. "The total time for a black hole to evaporate away is proportional to the cube of its
initial mass. For a solar-mass hole, the lifetime is an unobservably long 1064 years."
a. Recall that the solar mass is 2 × 10³0 kilograms. Write a formula for the lifetime, L, of a black hole as a function of its
mass, m. Start by finding the value of the constant k, then write your function using the letter k (rather than its value in
scientific notation). For example, for a direct variation you would write “L(m) = km”.
k = a × 10¹ where a =
L(m) =
b. The present age
mass = c × 10ª kg, where c =
A
and b =
=
of the universe is about 10¹0 years. What would be the mass of a black hole as old as the universe?
ID
and d
=
J
Chapter 39 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
Ch. 39.1 - Which of the following are (approximately)...Ch. 39.2 - Suppose the primed and laboratory observers want...Ch. 39.7 - Prob. 39.3CECh. 39.10 - Prob. 39.4CECh. 39.12 - Prob. 39.5CECh. 39 - Prob. 1PQCh. 39 - Prob. 2PQCh. 39 - Prob. 3PQCh. 39 - In an airport terminal, there are two fast-moving...Ch. 39 - Prob. 5PQ
Ch. 39 - Prob. 6PQCh. 39 - Prob. 7PQCh. 39 - Prob. 8PQCh. 39 - Prob. 9PQCh. 39 - Prob. 10PQCh. 39 - Prob. 11PQCh. 39 - Prob. 12PQCh. 39 - Prob. 13PQCh. 39 - Prob. 14PQCh. 39 - Prob. 15PQCh. 39 - Prob. 16PQCh. 39 - Prob. 17PQCh. 39 - Prob. 18PQCh. 39 - Prob. 19PQCh. 39 - Prob. 20PQCh. 39 - Prob. 21PQCh. 39 - Prob. 22PQCh. 39 - Prob. 23PQCh. 39 - A starship is 1025 ly from the Earth when measured...Ch. 39 - A starship is 1025 ly from the Earth when measured...Ch. 39 - Prob. 26PQCh. 39 - Prob. 27PQCh. 39 - Prob. 28PQCh. 39 - Prob. 29PQCh. 39 - Prob. 30PQCh. 39 - Prob. 31PQCh. 39 - Prob. 32PQCh. 39 - Prob. 33PQCh. 39 - Prob. 34PQCh. 39 - Prob. 35PQCh. 39 - Prob. 36PQCh. 39 - Prob. 37PQCh. 39 - Prob. 38PQCh. 39 - As measured in a laboratory reference frame, a...Ch. 39 - Prob. 40PQCh. 39 - Prob. 41PQCh. 39 - Prob. 42PQCh. 39 - Prob. 43PQCh. 39 - Prob. 44PQCh. 39 - Prob. 45PQCh. 39 - Prob. 46PQCh. 39 - Prob. 47PQCh. 39 - Prob. 48PQCh. 39 - Prob. 49PQCh. 39 - Prob. 50PQCh. 39 - Prob. 51PQCh. 39 - Prob. 52PQCh. 39 - Prob. 53PQCh. 39 - Prob. 54PQCh. 39 - Prob. 55PQCh. 39 - Prob. 56PQCh. 39 - Consider an electron moving with speed 0.980c. a....Ch. 39 - Prob. 58PQCh. 39 - Prob. 59PQCh. 39 - Prob. 60PQCh. 39 - Prob. 61PQCh. 39 - Prob. 62PQCh. 39 - Prob. 63PQCh. 39 - Prob. 64PQCh. 39 - Prob. 65PQCh. 39 - Prob. 66PQCh. 39 - Prob. 67PQCh. 39 - Prob. 68PQCh. 39 - Prob. 69PQCh. 39 - Prob. 70PQCh. 39 - Joe and Moe are twins. In the laboratory frame at...Ch. 39 - Prob. 72PQCh. 39 - Prob. 73PQCh. 39 - Prob. 74PQCh. 39 - Prob. 75PQCh. 39 - Prob. 76PQCh. 39 - Prob. 77PQCh. 39 - In December 2012, researchers announced the...Ch. 39 - Prob. 79PQCh. 39 - Prob. 80PQCh. 39 - How much work is required to increase the speed of...Ch. 39 - Prob. 82PQCh. 39 - Prob. 83PQCh. 39 - Prob. 84PQCh. 39 - Prob. 85PQ
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- A supernova explosion of a 2.001031 kg star produces 1.001044 J of energy. (a) How many kilograms of mass are converted to energy in the explosion? (b) What is the ratio m/m of mass destroyed to the original mass of the star?arrow_forwardThe sun energy at a rate of 3.85×10 26 W by the fusion of hydrogen. About 0.7% of each kilogram of hydrogen goes into the energy generated by the Sun. (a) How many kilograms of hydrogen undergo fusion each second? (b) If the sun is 90.0% hydrogen and half of this can undergo fusion before the sun changes character, how long could it produce energy at its current rate? (c) How many kilograms of mass is the sun losing per second? (d) What fraction of its mass will it have lost in the time found in part (b)?arrow_forwardThe Sun produces energy at a rate of 4.001026 W by the fusion of hydrogen. (a) How many kilograms of hydrogen undergo fusion each second? (b) If the Sun is 90.0% hydrogen and half of this can undergo fusion before the Sun changes character, how long could it produce energy at its current rate? (c) How many kilograms of mass is the Sun losing per second? (d) What fraction of its mass will it have lost in the time found in part (b)?arrow_forward
- A chain of nuclear reactions in the Suns core converts four protons into a helium nucleus. (a) What is the mass difference between four protons and a helium nucleus? (b) How much energy in MeV is released during the conversion of four protons into a helium nucleus?arrow_forwardSuppose you use an average of 500kWh of electric energy per month in your home. (a) How long would 1.00 g of mass converted to electric energy with an efficiency of 38.0% last you? (b) How many homes could be supplied at the 500kWh per month rate for one year by the energy from the described mass conversion?arrow_forward(a) A nuclear power plant converts energy from nuclear fission into electricity with an efficiency of 35.0%. How much mass is destroyed in one year to produce a continuous 1000 MW of electric power? (b) Do you think it would be possible to observe this mass loss if the total mass of the fuel is 104 kg?arrow_forward
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- (a) Find the kinetic energy of a 78.0-kg spacecraft launched out of the solar system with speed 106 km/s by using the classical equation K=12mu2. (b) What If? Calculate its kinetic energy using the relativistic equation. (c) Explain the result of comparing the answers of parts (a) and (b).arrow_forwardSuppose you use an average of 500 k W·h of electric energy per month in your home. (a) How long would 1.00 g of mass converted to electric energy with an efficiency of 38.0% last you? (b) How many homes could be supplied at the 500 k W· h per month rate for one year by the energy from the described mass conversion?arrow_forward(a) What is the kinetic energy in MeV of a ray that is traveling at 0.998c? This gives some idea of how energetic a ray must be to travel at nearly the same speed as a ray. (b) What is the velocity of the ray relative to the ray?arrow_forward
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